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Ephesians

About this book
Chapter 2

1 And although you were dead in your offenses and sins, 2 in which you formerly lived according to this world’s present path, according to the ruler of the domain of the air, the ruler of the spirit that is now energizing the sons of disobedience, 3 among whom all of us also formerly lived out our lives in the cravings of our flesh, indulging the desires of the flesh and the mind, and were by nature children of wrath even as the rest… 4 But God, being rich in mercy because of his great love with which he loved us, 5 even though we were dead in offenses, made us alive together with Christ—by grace you are saved!— 6 and he raised us up together with him and seated us together with him in the heavenly realms in Christ Jesus, 7 to demonstrate in the coming ages the surpassing wealth of his grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus. 8 For by grace you are saved through faith, and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God; 9 it is not from works, so that no one can boast. 10 For we are his creative work, having been created in Christ Jesus for good works that God prepared beforehand so we can do them. 11 Therefore remember that formerly you, the Gentiles in the flesh—who are called “uncircumcision” by the so-called “circumcision” that is performed on the body by human hands— 12 that you were at that time without the Messiah, alienated from the citizenship of Israel and strangers to the covenants of promise, having no hope and without God in the world. 13 But now in Christ Jesus you who used to be far away have been brought near by the blood of Christ. 14 For he is our peace, the one who made both groups into one and who destroyed the middle wall of partition, the hostility,⁠ 15 when he nullified in his flesh the law of commandments in decrees. He did this to create in himself one new man out of two, thus making peace, 16 and to reconcile them both in one body to God through the cross, by which the hostility has been killed. 17 And he came and preached peace to you who were far off and peace to those who were near,⁠ 18 so that through him we both have access in one Spirit to the Father. 19 So then you are no longer foreigners and noncitizens, but you are fellow citizens with the saints and members of God’s household, 20 because you have been built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets,⁠ with Christ Jesus himself as the cornerstone. 21 In him the whole building, being joined together, grows into a holy temple in the Lord, 22 in whom you also are being built together into a dwelling place of God in the Spirit.

Texts in conversation

Compare Letter of Aristeas 139 and Ephesians 2:14

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · New Testament

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Summary

The Letter of Aristeas says Moses fenced the Jewish people in with walls of iron so they would not mix with other nations. Ephesians uses the same picture of the law as a fence between Jewish people and Gentiles, and says Jesus has broken it down.

Passages

Letter of Aristeas 139

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Letter of Aristeas to Philocrates
'Now our Lawgiver being a wise man and specially endowed by God to understand all things, took a comprehensive view of each particular detail, and fenced us around with impregnable ramparts and walls of iron, so that we might not mingle at all with any of the other nations, but remain pure in body and soul, free from all vain imaginations, worshiping the one Almighty God above the whole creation. Hence the leading Egyptian priests having looked carefully into many matters, and being familiar with (our) affairs, call us " men of God ". This is a title which does not belong to the rest of mankind but only to those who worship the true God. The rest are men not of God but of food and drink and clothing. For their whole disposition leads them to find solace in these things.
200–150 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Letter of Aristeas

Ephesians 2:14

New Testament
13 But now in Christ Jesus you who used to be far away have been brought near by the blood of Christ. 14 For he is our peace, the one who made both groups into one and who destroyed the middle wall of partition, the hostility, 15 when he nullified in his flesh the law of commandments in decrees. He did this to create in himself one new man out of two, thus making peace, 16 and to reconcile them both in one body to God through the cross, by which the hostility has been killed. 17 And he came and preached peace to you who were far off and peace to those who were near, 18 so that through him we both have access in one Spirit to the Father.
90–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ephesians

References

“... If “having broken down the dividing wall, the fence” is paralleled by “having abolished… the hostility, the law…,” then it seems more likely that the fence is a reference to the law. The notion of the oral tradition as providing a fence for Torah was a familiar one (cf. m. ʾAbot 1.1, 2; 3.18), but Torah itself could be seen as providing a fence around Israel. In the second century B.C.E. the Epistle of Aristeas declared: “our lawgiver… fenced us about [ περιφράσσειν ] with impenetrable palisades and with walls of iron to the end that we should mingle in no way with any of the other nations, remaining pure in body and in spirit” (139) and “so that we should be polluted by none nor be infected with perversions by associating with worthless persons, he has fenced us about [ περιφράσσειν ] on all sides with prescribed purifications in matters of food and drink and touch and hearing and sight” (142). [...] It can easily be seen that in functioning as a fence to protect Israel from the impurity of the Gentiles, the law became such a sign of Jewish particularism that it also alienated Gentiles and became a cause of hostility ...”
Andrew T. Lincoln, Word Biblical Commentary: Ephesians (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2017), PDF 564–565.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Letter of Aristeas 139 and Ephesians 2:14

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