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About this book

Ecclesiastes

About this book
Chapter 5

1 (4:17) Be careful what you do when you go to the temple of God; draw near to listen rather than to offer a sacrifice like fools, for they do not realize that they are doing wrong. 2 (5:1) Do not be rash with your mouth or hasty in your heart to bring up a matter before God, for God is in heaven and you are on earth! Therefore, let your words be few. 3 Just as dreams come when there are many cares, so the rash vow of a fool occurs when there are many words. 4 When you make a vow to God, do not delay in paying it. For God takes no pleasure in fools: Pay what you vow!⁠ 5 It is better for you not to vow than to vow and not pay it. 6 Do not let your mouth cause you to sin, and do not tell the priest, “It was a mistake!”⁠ Why make God angry at you so that he would destroy the work of your hands? 7 Just as there is futility in many dreams, so also in many words. Therefore, fear God. 8 If you see the extortion of the poor, or the perversion of justice and fairness in the government, do not be astonished by the matter. For the high official is watched by a higher official, and there are higher ones over them! 9 The produce of the land is seized by all of them, even the king is served by the fields. 10 The one who loves money will never be satisfied with money; he who loves wealth will never be satisfied with his income. This also is futile. 11 When someone’s prosperity increases, those who consume it also increase; so what does its owner gain, except that he gets to see it with his eyes? 12 The sleep of the laborer is pleasant—whether he eats little or much—but the wealth of the rich will not allow him to sleep. 13 Here is a misfortune on earth that I have seen: Wealth hoarded by its owner to his own misery.⁠ 14 Then that wealth was lost through bad luck; although he fathered a son, he has nothing left to give him. 15 Just as he came forth from his mother’s womb, naked will he return as he came, and he will take nothing in his hand that he may carry away from his toil.⁠ 16 This is another misfortune: Just as he came, so will he go. What did he gain from toiling for the wind? 17 Surely, he ate in darkness every day of his life, and he suffered greatly with sickness and anger. 18 I have seen personally what is the only beneficial and appropriate course of action for people: to eat and drink, and find enjoyment in all their hard work on earth during the few days of their life that God has given them, for this is their reward. 19 To every man whom God has given wealth and possessions, he has also given him the ability to eat from them, to receive his reward, and to find enjoyment in his toil; these things are the gift of God. 20 For he does not think much about the fleeting days of his life because God keeps him preoccupied with the joy he derives from his activity.

Texts in conversation

Compare Ecclesiastes 5:4 and Matthew 5:34

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

In Matthew, Jesus forbids swearing oaths, echoing the warnings in Ecclesiastes about the dangers of making vows and failing to keep them. Ecclesiastes urges caution, but Matthew depicts Jesus taking that a step further and rejecting them entirely.

Passages

Ecclesiastes 5:4

Hebrew Bible
2 (5:1) Do not be rash with your mouth or hasty in your heart to bring up a matter before God, for God is in heaven and you are on earth! Therefore, let your words be few. 3 Just as dreams come when there are many cares, so the rash vow of a fool occurs when there are many words. 4 When you make a vow to God, do not delay in paying it. For God takes no pleasure in fools: Pay what you vow! 5 It is better for you not to vow than to vow and not pay it. 6 Do not let your mouth cause you to sin, and do not tell the priest, “It was a mistake!” Why make God angry at you so that he would destroy the work of your hands?
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ecclesiastes

Matthew 5:34

New Testament
32 But I say to you that everyone who divorces his wife, except for immorality, makes her commit adultery, and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery. 33 “Again, you have heard that it was said to an older generation, ‘Do not break an oath, but fulfill your vows to the Lord.’ 34 But I say to you, do not take oaths at all—not by heaven, because it is the throne of God, 35 not by earth because it is his footstool, and not by Jerusalem, because it is the city of the great King. 36 Do not take an oath by your head because you are not able to make one hair white or black.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... The relatively frequent occurrence of laws mentioning vows and the votive offering (Leviticus 7:16; 22:18–22; 27; Numbers 6:1–21; 15:8; 30; Deuteronomy 12:5; 23:18; 23:22–23) and the admonitions in Deuteronomy (23:21–22) and in Ecclesiastes (5:4) that it is better not to vow at all than it is to make a vow and break it indicate that vows were a common occurrence in everyday life (Berlinerblau 1991: 550–53). In some cases the making of vows and the bringing of sacrifices are used to describe general worship. This is the case in Isaiah’s oracle concerning Egypt’s future worship of Yahweh, where the prophet predicts that the Egyptians will offer sacrifices and burnt offerings and make and fulfill vows (Isaiah 19:21; Cartledge 1992: 13) ..."
Anne Katrine Gudme, “Barter Deal or Friend-Making Gift? A Reconsideration of the Conditional Vow in the Hebrew Bible,” in The Gift in Antiquity, ed. Michael L. Satlow, The Ancient World: Comparative Histories (Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013), 189–201.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Ecclesiastes 5:4 and Matthew 5:34

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