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About this book

Ecclesiastes

About this book
Chapter 7

1 A good reputation is better than precious perfume; likewise, the day of one’s death is better than the day of one’s birth. 2 It is better to go to a funeral than a feast. For death is the destiny of every person, and the living should take this to heart. 3 Sorrow is better than laughter because sober reflection is good for the heart. 4 The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning, but the heart of fools is in the house of merrymaking. 5 It is better for a person to receive a rebuke from those who are wise than to listen to the song of fools. 6 For like the crackling of quick-burning thorns under a cooking pot, so is the laughter of the fool. This kind of folly also is useless. 7 Surely oppression can turn a wise person into a fool; likewise, a bribe corrupts the heart.⁠ 8 The end of a matter is better than its beginning; likewise, patience is better than pride. 9 Do not let yourself be quickly provoked, for anger resides in the lap of fools. 10 Do not say, “Why were the old days better than these days?” for it is not wise to ask that. 11 Wisdom, like an inheritance, is a good thing; it benefits those who see the light of day. 12 For wisdom provides protection, just as money provides protection. But the advantage of knowledge is this: Wisdom preserves the life of its owner. 13 Consider the work of God: For who can make straight what he has bent? 14 In times of prosperity be joyful, but in times of adversity consider this: God has made one as well as the other,⁠ so that no one can discover what the future holds. 15 During the days of my fleeting life I have seen both of these things: Sometimes a righteous person dies prematurely in spite of his righteousness, and sometimes a wicked person lives long in spite of his evil deeds. 16 So do not be excessively righteous or excessively wise; otherwise you might be disappointed. 17 Do not be excessively wicked and do not be a fool; otherwise you might die before your time. 18 It is best to take hold of one warning without letting go of the other warning; for the one who fears God will follow both warnings. 19 Wisdom gives a wise person more protection than ten rulers in a city. 20 For there is not one truly righteous person on the earth who continually does good and never sins.⁠ 21 Also, do not pay attention to everything that people say; otherwise, you might even hear your servant cursing you. 22 For you know in your own heart that you also have cursed others many times. 23 I have examined all this by wisdom; I said, “I am determined to comprehend this”—but it was beyond my grasp. 24 Whatever has happened is beyond human understanding; it is far deeper than anyone can fathom. 25 I tried to understand, examine, and comprehend the role of wisdom in the scheme of things, and to understand the stupidity of wickedness and the insanity of folly. 26 I discovered this: More bitter than death is the kind of woman who is like a hunter’s snare; her heart is like a hunter’s net, and her hands are like prison chains. The man who pleases God escapes her, but the sinner is captured by her. 27 The Teacher says: I discovered this while trying to discover the scheme of things, item by item. 28 What I have continually sought, I have not found; I have found only one upright man among a thousand, but I have not found one upright woman among all of them. 29 This alone have I discovered: God made humankind upright, but they have sought many evil schemes.

Texts in conversation

Compare Ecclesasties 7:14 and Sirach 33:12

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Sirach echoes Ecclesiastes, saying God is the source of good and bad. It expands this into a description of creation balanced by opposites, reflecting Hellenistic ideas of harmony, though this view seems to clash with Sirach’s teaching on free will.

Passages

Ecclesasties 7:14

Hebrew Bible
13 Consider the work of God: For who can make straight what he has bent? 14 In times of prosperity be joyful, but in times of adversity consider this: God has made one as well as the other, so that no one can discover what the future holds. 15 During the days of my fleeting life I have seen both of these things: Sometimes a righteous person dies prematurely in spite of his righteousness, and sometimes a wicked person lives long in spite of his evil deeds.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ecclesiastes

Sirach 33:12

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
10 And all men are from the ground. Adam was created from dust. 11 In the abundance of his knowledge the Lord distinguished them, and made their ways different. 12 Some of them he blessed and exalted, and some of them he made holy and brought near to himself. Some of them he cursed and brought low, and overthrew them from their place. 13 As the clay of the potter in his hand, all his ways are according to his good pleasure, so men are in the hand of him who made them, to give to them according to his judgment. 14 Good is the opposite of evil, and life is the opposite of death; so the sinner is the opposite of the godly. 15 Look upon all the works of the Most High like this, they come in pairs, one against another.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... Ben Sira appears to give conflicting accounts of evil. In Sirach 15:11–20, for example, Ben Sira explicitly denies identifying God as the source of sin while affirming human agency. Later, in Sirach 33:7–15, creation is described as a harmony of opposites in which God creates both good and evil (see also Eccl 7:13–14). The “harmony of opposites” doctrine was an important part of ancient Greek philosophy, especially among the Stoics. The tension between Sirach 15:11–20 and 33:7–15 has led numerous scholars to suggest a strong similarity between Ben Sira and Stoic providence. However, Sharon Mattila argues that Ben Sira has no logical reconciliation for the apparently contrasting notions of human agency (Sirach 15:11–20; see also 32:14–18; 37:17–18) and divine providence (Sirach 33:7–15; see also 39:25), whereas Stoicism does ..."
Tyler Allen Stewart, “‘The Present Evil Age’: The Origin and Persistence of Evil in Galatians” (diss., Marquette University, 2019), 308.

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Ecclesasties 7:14 and Sirach 33:12

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