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About this book

Didache

About this book

Welcoming Traveling Apostles and Prophets

Chapter 11

1 If anyone comes and teaches you everything mentioned above, accept him.⁠ 2 But if the teacher himself is corrupt and teaches a different doctrine that undermines these truths, do not listen to him. However, if his teaching promotes righteousness and knowledge of the Lord, receive him as you would the Lord. 3 Regarding the Apostles and Prophets, act in accordance with the guidelines of the Gospel. 4 Receive every Apostle who comes to you as if he were the Lord.⁠ 5 But do not let him stay more than one day, or two if necessary.⁠ If he stays three days, he is a false prophet. 6 When an Apostle departs, let him take only bread until he reaches his lodging for the night. If he asks for money, he is a false prophet. 7 Do not test or judge any prophet who is speaking under inspiration, for every sin may be forgiven, but this sin will not.⁠ 8 Not everyone who speaks under inspiration is a prophet, but only one who has the ways of the Lord. You can distinguish a false prophet from a true one by his actions.⁠ 9 No prophet who orders a meal while in a state of inspiration should eat from it; if he does, he is a false prophet. 10 Any prophet who teaches the truth but does not practice what he preaches is a false prophet. 11 But do not judge a tested and genuine prophet who may enact a symbolic ritual of the Church but doesn't teach others to do the same. He will be judged by God, just like the ancient prophets. 12 If anyone requests money or something else while claiming to be inspired, do not listen to him. But if he asks you to give to others in need, do not judge him.

Texts in conversation

Compare Didache 11:8 and Shepherd of Hermas 43:16

Early Christian

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Summary

In the Didache, an early church manual, a false prophet is distinguished from a true one by his conduct. In the Shepherd of Hermas, an early Christian book of visions, anyone who says they are a believer is also tested by their life and how they behave.

Passages

Didache 11:8

Early Christian
7 Do not test or judge any prophet who is speaking under inspiration, for every sin may be forgiven, but this sin will not. 8 Not everyone who speaks under inspiration is a prophet, but only one who has the ways of the Lord. You can distinguish a false prophet from a true one by his actions. 9 No prophet who orders a meal while in a state of inspiration should eat from it; if he does, he is a false prophet. 10 Any prophet who teaches the truth but does not practice what he preaches is a false prophet.
90–120 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Didache

Shepherd of Hermas 43:16

Early Christian
13 Moreover, it never comes near a gathering of righteous people, but avoids them, and joins with the double-minded and the empty, and prophesies to them in corners, deceiving them, speaking all things in emptiness to please their desires; for the people it answers are empty too. For an empty jar placed among empty jars does not break, but they match each other. 14 But when it comes into an assembly full of righteous people who have a Spirit of God, and they pray, that person is emptied, and the earthly spirit flees from them in fear, and that person is left speechless and completely shattered, being unable to say a word. 15 For if you put wine or oil into a storeroom and place an empty jar among them, and later want to empty the storeroom, you will find the jar you put there empty still empty. So also with the empty prophets—whenever they come in among righteous spirits, they are found as empty as when they arrived. 16 I have described the way of life of both kinds of prophets. So test the person who says they are moved by the Spirit by their life and their deeds.
90–140 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Shepherd of Hermas

References

“... Besides this text, the other best discussions of the discernment of prophecy in early Christianity are: Matt 7:15–23; 1 John 4:1–3; Didache 11; Act. Thom. 79. With the exception of 1 John for whom the criterion is christological orthodoxy (and perhaps already 1 Cor 12:3), all others hold ethical responsibility as the major criterion of the true prophet. Discussion of these texts in Aune, Prophecy, 222–29. ...”
Carolyn Osiek, Shepherd of Hermas: A Commentary, ed. Helmut Koester (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1999), 144.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Didache 11:8 and Shepherd of Hermas 43:16

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