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About this book

Didache

About this book

The Two Ways: The Way of Life

Chapter 1

1 There are two Ways: one of Life and one of Death, and there is a significant difference between the two Ways.⁠ 2 The way of life is as follows: First, you should love the God who created you; secondly, love your neighbor as yourself.⁠ Treat others as you would want to be treated.⁠ 3 Now, the teaching behind these words is this: Bless those who curse you, pray for your enemies, and fast for those who persecute you. What credit is it to you if you love only those who love you back? Don't even the non-believers do the same? Instead, love those who hate you,⁠ and you will have no enemies. 4 Refrain from indulging in carnal and bodily desires. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn the other cheek to them as well, and you will be perfect. If someone compels you to go one mile, go two. If someone takes your coat, offer them your shirt as well.⁠ If someone takes from you what belongs to you, do not ask for it back, since you cannot. 5 Give to everyone who asks of you, and do not ask for it back, for the Father's will is that we give to all from the gifts we have received. Blessed is the one who gives according to the commandment, for they are innocent. Woe to the one who receives: if someone receives because they are in need, they are innocent, but those who receive without need will be questioned as to why they took and for what purpose.⁠ They will be examined for their deeds while in prison, and they will not be released until they pay the last penny. 6 Regarding this matter, it was also said, let your gift to the poor sweat in your hands until you know to whom you are giving.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Matthew 5:39 and Didache 1:4

New Testament · Early Christian

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Summary

Matthew 5 and the Didache both teach to not retaliate, using the image of offering the other cheek when struck. The Didache preserves a simpler and likely earlier version of that saying.

Passages

Matthew 5:39

New Testament
37 Let your word be ‘Yes, yes’ or ‘No, no.’ More than this is from the evil one. 38 “You have heard that it was said, ‘An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.’ 39 But I say to you, do not resist the evildoer. But whoever strikes you on the right cheek, turn the other to him as well. 40 And if someone wants to sue you and take your tunic, let him have your coat also. 41 And if anyone forces you to go one mile, go with him two.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

Didache 1:4

Early Christian
4 Refrain from indulging in carnal and bodily desires. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn the other cheek to them as well, and you will be perfect. If someone compels you to go one mile, go two. If someone takes your coat, offer them your shirt as well. If someone takes from you what belongs to you, do not ask for it back, since you cannot. 5 Give to everyone who asks of you, and do not ask for it back, for the Father's will is that we give to all from the gifts we have received. Blessed is the one who gives according to the commandment, for they are innocent. Woe to the one who receives: if someone receives because they are in need, they are innocent, but those who receive without need will be questioned as to why they took and for what purpose. They will be examined for their deeds while in prison, and they will not be released until they pay the last penny.
90–120 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Didache

References

"... Unit 4b-d presents a text which is close to Matthew 5:39-41. This especially obtains for Didache 1:4 and Matthew 5:39, although the somewhat awkward wording of striking someone on his right cheek in Didache 1:4 is slightly different from its stylistically better Matthean counterpart. The Didache's simple way of putting it, however, may corroborate the impression that this version has retained the more primitive text ..."
Huub van de Sandt and David Flusser, The Didache: Its Jewish Sources and Its Place in Early Judaism and Christianity, Compendia Rerum Iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum, Section 3: Jewish Traditions in Early Christian Literature 5 (Assen: Royal Van Gorcum, 2002), 44.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Matthew 5:39 and Didache 1:4

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