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About this book

Didache

About this book

The Two Ways: The Way of Life

Chapter 1

1 There are two Ways: one of Life and one of Death, and there is a significant difference between the two Ways.⁠ 2 The way of life is as follows: First, you should love the God who created you; secondly, love your neighbor as yourself.⁠ Treat others as you would want to be treated.⁠ 3 Now, the teaching behind these words is this: Bless those who curse you, pray for your enemies, and fast for those who persecute you. What credit is it to you if you love only those who love you back? Don't even the non-believers do the same? Instead, love those who hate you,⁠ and you will have no enemies. 4 Refrain from indulging in carnal and bodily desires. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn the other cheek to them as well, and you will be perfect. If someone compels you to go one mile, go two. If someone takes your coat, offer them your shirt as well.⁠ If someone takes from you what belongs to you, do not ask for it back, since you cannot. 5 Give to everyone who asks of you, and do not ask for it back, for the Father's will is that we give to all from the gifts we have received. Blessed is the one who gives according to the commandment, for they are innocent. Woe to the one who receives: if someone receives because they are in need, they are innocent, but those who receive without need will be questioned as to why they took and for what purpose.⁠ They will be examined for their deeds while in prison, and they will not be released until they pay the last penny. 6 Regarding this matter, it was also said, let your gift to the poor sweat in your hands until you know to whom you are giving.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Luke 6:28 and Didache 1:3

New Testament · Early Christian

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Summary

In Luke, Jesus tells his listeners to love their enemies, bless those who curse them, and pray for those who mistreat them. The Didache, an early church manual, contains the same commands and the same question about loving only those who return it.

Passages

Luke 6:28

New Testament
27 “But I say to you who are listening: Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, 28 bless those who curse you, pray for those who mistreat you. 29 To the person who strikes you on the cheek, offer the other as well, and from the person who takes away your coat, do not withhold your tunic either. 30 Give to everyone who asks you, and do not ask for your possessions back from the person who takes them away. 31 Treat others in the same way that you would want them to treat you. 32 “If you love those who love you, what credit is that to you? For even sinners love those who love them. 33 And if you do good to those who do good to you, what credit is that to you? Even sinners do the same.
75–85 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Luke

Didache 1:3

Early Christian
2 The way of life is as follows: First, you should love the God who created you; secondly, love your neighbor as yourself. Treat others as you would want to be treated. 3 Now, the teaching behind these words is this: Bless those who curse you, pray for your enemies, and fast for those who persecute you. What credit is it to you if you love only those who love you back? Don't even the non-believers do the same? Instead, love those who hate you, and you will have no enemies. 4 Refrain from indulging in carnal and bodily desires. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn the other cheek to them as well, and you will be perfect. If someone compels you to go one mile, go two. If someone takes your coat, offer them your shirt as well. If someone takes from you what belongs to you, do not ask for it back, since you cannot.
90–120 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Didache

References

“... The ‘love of enemies’ saying in the Didache is perhaps closer to Luke 6. 27–8 than to Matt. 5. 44: the Didache has an exact parallel to the ‘bless those who curse you’ clause of Luke 6. 28a, which has no parallel in (at least the ‘best’ MSS of) Matthew. Although there is no explicit parallel to the command to ‘love one’s enemies’, the rhetorical question which follows in the next section (‘if you love those who love you . . .’) seems to presuppose a command here to ‘love’ those who are not well disposed to one. Moreover, the Didache has a clause at the end of the next section (‘love those who hate you’) which is parallel to both halves of Luke 6. 27 (‘love your enemies and do good to those who hate you’). ...”
Andrew Gregory and Christopher Tuckett, eds., The Reception of the New Testament in the Apostolic Fathers (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 120.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Luke 6:28 and Didache 1:3

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