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Didache

About this book

The Two Ways: The Way of Life

Chapter 1

1 There are two Ways: one of Life and one of Death, and there is a significant difference between the two Ways.⁠ 2 The way of life is as follows: First, you should love the God who created you; secondly, love your neighbor as yourself.⁠ Treat others as you would want to be treated.⁠ 3 Now, the teaching behind these words is this: Bless those who curse you, pray for your enemies, and fast for those who persecute you. What credit is it to you if you love only those who love you back? Don't even the non-believers do the same? Instead, love those who hate you,⁠ and you will have no enemies. 4 Refrain from indulging in carnal and bodily desires. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn the other cheek to them as well, and you will be perfect. If someone compels you to go one mile, go two. If someone takes your coat, offer them your shirt as well.⁠ If someone takes from you what belongs to you, do not ask for it back, since you cannot. 5 Give to everyone who asks of you, and do not ask for it back, for the Father's will is that we give to all from the gifts we have received. Blessed is the one who gives according to the commandment, for they are innocent. Woe to the one who receives: if someone receives because they are in need, they are innocent, but those who receive without need will be questioned as to why they took and for what purpose.⁠ They will be examined for their deeds while in prison, and they will not be released until they pay the last penny. 6 Regarding this matter, it was also said, let your gift to the poor sweat in your hands until you know to whom you are giving.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Matthew 22:37 and Didache 1:2

New Testament · Early Christian

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Summary

The Didache, an early church manual, begins its way of life with love of God and love of neighbor, followed by the Golden Rule. In Matthew, Jesus names the same two commandments as the ones on which the Torah and the prophets depend.

Passages

Matthew 22:37

New Testament
34 Now when the Pharisees heard that he had silenced the Sadducees, they assembled together. 35 And one of them, an expert in religious law, asked him a question to test him: 36 “Teacher, which commandment in the law is the greatest?” 37 Jesus said to him, “‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind.’ 38 This is the first and greatest commandment. 39 The second is like it: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ 40 All the law and the prophets depend on these two commandments.”
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

Didache 1:2

Early Christian
1 There are two Ways: one of Life and one of Death, and there is a significant difference between the two Ways. 2 The way of life is as follows: First, you should love the God who created you; secondly, love your neighbor as yourself. Treat others as you would want to be treated. 3 Now, the teaching behind these words is this: Bless those who curse you, pray for your enemies, and fast for those who persecute you. What credit is it to you if you love only those who love you back? Don't even the non-believers do the same? Instead, love those who hate you, and you will have no enemies.
90–120 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Didache

References

“... The juxtaposition of the double-love command with the Golden Rule in Did. 1:2 is of special interest if compared to Matthew, because both function as summary statements of the law also in Matthew. Whereas Matt 22:40 defines that the entire law and the prophets hang on the two love commands, the reference to the Golden Rule in 7:12 is commented upon by the statement, “for this is the law and the prophets.” At this point, there is no evidence in favor of direct dependence of one source on the other. Like Luke, Matthew cites the Golden Rule in its positive formulation, which goes back to the Saying Source, whereas in Did. 1:2 the negative formulation appears. But one might ask whether Matthew’s assignment of a summarizing function to the Golden Rule in 7:12 as well as to the double love command in 22:40 might be inspired by a combination of both as it is evidenced by recension C. In other words, Did. 1:2 might be a witness of a tradition that also influenced Matthew. At any rate, Matthew’s remark about the equal rank of the command to love one’s neighbor in 22:39 remains his own individual contribution, which has no counterpart in Did. 1:2. ...”
Matthias Konradt, “The Love Command in Matthew, James, and the Didache,” in Matthew, James, and Didache: Three Related Documents in Their Jewish and Christian Settings, ed. Huub van de Sandt and Jürgen Zangenberg, SymS 45 (Atlanta: SBL, 2008), 283.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Matthew 22:37 and Didache 1:2

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