Go to Related Reading
About this book

Didache

About this book

The Two Ways: The Way of Life

Chapter 1

1 There are two Ways: one of Life and one of Death, and there is a significant difference between the two Ways.⁠ 2 The way of life is as follows: First, you should love the God who created you; secondly, love your neighbor as yourself.⁠ Treat others as you would want to be treated.⁠ 3 Now, the teaching behind these words is this: Bless those who curse you, pray for your enemies, and fast for those who persecute you. What credit is it to you if you love only those who love you back? Don't even the non-believers do the same? Instead, love those who hate you,⁠ and you will have no enemies. 4 Refrain from indulging in carnal and bodily desires. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn the other cheek to them as well, and you will be perfect. If someone compels you to go one mile, go two. If someone takes your coat, offer them your shirt as well.⁠ If someone takes from you what belongs to you, do not ask for it back, since you cannot. 5 Give to everyone who asks of you, and do not ask for it back, for the Father's will is that we give to all from the gifts we have received. Blessed is the one who gives according to the commandment, for they are innocent. Woe to the one who receives: if someone receives because they are in need, they are innocent, but those who receive without need will be questioned as to why they took and for what purpose.⁠ They will be examined for their deeds while in prison, and they will not be released until they pay the last penny. 6 Regarding this matter, it was also said, let your gift to the poor sweat in your hands until you know to whom you are giving.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 91:18 and Didache 1:1

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Early Christian

Share:

Summary

The Didache and 1 Enoch 91 both follow from the “two ways” tradition that is based on Deuteronomy 30, where God offers Israel a covenant choice between the way of life and the way of death.

Passages

1 Enoch 91:18

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
16 And the first heaven will depart and pass away, and a new heaven will appear, and all the powers of the heavens will give sevenfold light. 17 And after that there will be many weeks without number forever, and all will be in goodness and righteousness, and sin will no longer be mentioned forever. 18 And now I tell you, my sons, and show you the paths of righteousness and the paths of violence. Yes, I will show them to you again so that you may know what will happen. 19 And now, listen to me, my sons, and walk in the paths of righteousness, and do not walk in the paths of violence; for all who walk in the paths of unrighteousness shall perish forever.'
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

Didache 1:1

Early Christian
1 There are two Ways: one of Life and one of Death, and there is a significant difference between the two Ways. 2 The way of life is as follows: First, you should love the God who created you; secondly, love your neighbor as yourself. Treat others as you would want to be treated. 3 Now, the teaching behind these words is this: Bless those who curse you, pray for your enemies, and fast for those who persecute you. What credit is it to you if you love only those who love you back? Don't even the non-believers do the same? Instead, love those who hate you, and you will have no enemies.
90–120 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Didache

References

“... In 1 Enoch (or the Ethiopic Enoch) 91:18-19, a contrast is drawn between the ways of righteousness and the ways of wickedness: And now I tell you, my children, and I show you the paths of righteousness and the paths of wrong-doing; I will show them to you again, that you may know what will come to pass. And now, hearken unto me, my children, and walk in the paths of righteousness, and walk not in the paths of wrong-doing; for all who walk in the paths of oppression shall perish everlastingly. [...] So far, we have seen the Two Ways metaphor couched within polar tendencies of good and evil, moral and immoral qualities, and righteous and wicked people. This dualism refers to a pattern of thought which expresses two mutually exclusive categories and, as such, stresses the importance on the part of man of making a fundamental choice between right and wrong. In this respect, these cases reflect the Two Ways in our Greek document and the material is extensive enough to suggest that the Two Ways instruction flourished in circles fostering these dualistic traditions. Yet, in the above instances the points of agreement with the Greek Two Ways are almost completely limited to the opening words of our document. They do not provide an unambiguous example of the metaphor serving as a framework upon which catalogues of virtues and vices are constructed. ...”
Huub van de Sandt and David Flusser, The Didache: Its Jewish Sources and Its Place in Early Judaism and Christianity, Compendia Rerum Iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum, Section 3: Jewish Traditions in Early Christian Literature 5 (Assen: Royal Van Gorcum, 2002), 145–147.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Tags

Your feedback

1 Enoch 91:18 and Didache 1:1

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library