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Deuteronomy

About this book
Chapter 7

1 When the Lord your God brings you to the land that you are going to occupy and forces out many nations before you—Hittites, Girgashites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, seven nations more numerous and powerful than you—⁠ 2 and he delivers them over to you and you attack them, you must utterly annihilate them. Make no treaty with them and show them no mercy!⁠ 3 You must not intermarry with them. Do not give your daughters to their sons or take their daughters for your sons,⁠ 4 for they will turn your sons away from me to worship other gods. Then the anger of the Lord will erupt against you and he will quickly destroy you. 5 Instead, this is what you must do to them: You must tear down their altars, shatter their sacred pillars, cut down their sacred Asherah poles, and burn up their idols.⁠ 6 For you are a people holy to the Lord your God. He has chosen you to be his people, prized above all others on the face of the earth.⁠ 7 It is not because you were more numerous than all the other peoples that the Lord favored and chose you—for in fact you were the least numerous of all peoples. 8 Rather it is because of his love for you and his faithfulness to the promise he solemnly vowed to your ancestors that the Lord brought you out with great power, redeeming you from the place of slavery, from the power of Pharaoh king of Egypt. 9 So realize that the Lord your God is the true God, the faithful God who keeps covenant faithfully with those who love him and keep his commandments,⁠ to a thousand generations, 10 but who pays back those who hate him as they deserve and destroys them. He will not ignore those who hate him but will repay them as they deserve! 11 So keep the commandments, statutes, and ordinances that I today am commanding you to do. 12 If you obey these ordinances and are careful to do them, the Lord your God will faithfully keep covenant with you as he promised your ancestors. 13 He will love and bless you, and make you numerous. He will bless you with many children, with the produce of your soil, your grain, your new wine, your olive oil, the offspring of your oxen, and the young of your flocks⁠ in the land that he promised your ancestors to give you. 14 You will be blessed beyond all peoples; there will be no barrenness among you or your livestock. 15 The Lord will protect you from all sickness, and you will not experience any of the terrible diseases that you knew in Egypt; instead he will inflict them on all those who hate you. 16 You must destroy all the people whom the Lord your God is about to deliver over to you; your eye must not pity them or worship their gods,⁠ for that will be a snare to you.⁠ 17 If you think, “These nations are more numerous than I—how can I dispossess them?” 18 you must not fear them. You must carefully recall what the Lord your God did⁠ to Pharaoh and all Egypt, 19 the great judgments you saw, the signs and wonders, the strength and power by which he brought you out—thus the Lord your God will do to all the people you fear. 20 Furthermore, the Lord your God will release hornets among them until the very last ones who hide from you perish. 21 You must not tremble in their presence, for the Lord your God, who is present among you, is a great and awesome God.⁠ 22 He, the God who leads you, will expel the nations little by little. You will not be allowed to destroy them all at once lest the wild animals overrun you. 23 The Lord your God will give them over to you; he will throw them into a great panic until they are destroyed. 24 He will hand over their kings to you, and you will erase their very names from memory. Nobody will be able to resist you until you destroy them. 25 You must burn the images of their gods, but do not covet the silver and gold that covers them so much that you take it for yourself and thus become ensnared by it; for it is abhorrent to the Lord your God. 26 You must not bring any abhorrent thing into your house and thereby become an object of divine wrath along with it. You must absolutely detest and abhor it, for it is an object of divine wrath.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 7:21 and Nehemiah 4:14

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Deuteronomy urges the people not to tremble before their enemies, calling God great and awesome and the one who will drive nations out before them. Nehemiah echoes this when encouraging those rebuilding Jerusalem’s walls.

Passages

Deuteronomy 7:21

Hebrew Bible
19 the great judgments you saw, the signs and wonders, the strength and power by which he brought you out—thus the Lord your God will do to all the people you fear. 20 Furthermore, the Lord your God will release hornets among them until the very last ones who hide from you perish. 21 You must not tremble in their presence, for the Lord your God, who is present among you, is a great and awesome God. 22 He, the God who leads you, will expel the nations little by little. You will not be allowed to destroy them all at once lest the wild animals overrun you. 23 The Lord your God will give them over to you; he will throw them into a great panic until they are destroyed.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Nehemiah 4:14

Hebrew Bible
12 So it happened that the Jews who were living near them came and warned us repeatedly about all the schemes they were plotting against us. 13 So I stationed people at the lower places behind the wall in the exposed places. I stationed the people by families, with their swords, spears, and bows. 14 When I had made an inspection, I stood up and said to the nobles, the officials, and the rest of the people, “Don’t be afraid of them. Remember the great and awesome Lord, and fight on behalf of your brothers, your sons, your daughters, your wives, and your families!” 15 It so happened that when our adversaries heard that we were aware of these matters, God frustrated their intentions. Then all of us returned to the wall, each to his own work. 16 From that day forward, half my men were doing the work and half were taking up spears, shields, bows, and body armor. Now the officers were behind all the people of Judah
400–301 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Nehemiah

References

"... Although the Old Testament attributes relatively few predicates to God himself, the use of “el” in connection with adjectives becomes more frequent in later times, from about Deuteronomy onward; the word can assume a wide variety of modifiers on account of its generality. The “jealous God” watches over Israel, who trusts in strange gods; the “holy God” (Isaiah 5:16) proves himself to be holy in judgment. Yet the “great God” (Psalm 95:3) can intercede for Israel (Deuteronomy 7:21; 10:17) and forgive sin just as easily (Jeremiah 32:18; compare Nehemiah 1:5; 9:32; Daniel 9:4). In a manner unusual for the Old Testament, the confession formulae “merciful and gracious God,” etc. (Exodus 34:6; compare Deuteronomy 4:31; Jonah 4:2; Psalm 86:15; Nehemiah 9:31), also attested only late, do not appeal to a historical event; they have origins in wisdom, which makes a basic, universally valid statement concerning God’s being, so that one can find here the origins of a doctrine of God’s attributes ..."
Ernst Jenni and Claus Westermann, Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament, trans. Mark E. Biddle (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1997), 186–187.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 7:21 and Nehemiah 4:14

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