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Deuteronomy

About this book
Chapter 7

1 When the Lord your God brings you to the land that you are going to occupy and forces out many nations before you—Hittites, Girgashites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, seven nations more numerous and powerful than you—⁠ 2 and he delivers them over to you and you attack them, you must utterly annihilate them. Make no treaty with them and show them no mercy!⁠ 3 You must not intermarry with them. Do not give your daughters to their sons or take their daughters for your sons,⁠ 4 for they will turn your sons away from me to worship other gods. Then the anger of the Lord will erupt against you and he will quickly destroy you. 5 Instead, this is what you must do to them: You must tear down their altars, shatter their sacred pillars, cut down their sacred Asherah poles, and burn up their idols.⁠ 6 For you are a people holy to the Lord your God. He has chosen you to be his people, prized above all others on the face of the earth.⁠ 7 It is not because you were more numerous than all the other peoples that the Lord favored and chose you—for in fact you were the least numerous of all peoples. 8 Rather it is because of his love for you and his faithfulness to the promise he solemnly vowed to your ancestors that the Lord brought you out with great power, redeeming you from the place of slavery, from the power of Pharaoh king of Egypt. 9 So realize that the Lord your God is the true God, the faithful God who keeps covenant faithfully with those who love him and keep his commandments,⁠ to a thousand generations, 10 but who pays back those who hate him as they deserve and destroys them. He will not ignore those who hate him but will repay them as they deserve! 11 So keep the commandments, statutes, and ordinances that I today am commanding you to do. 12 If you obey these ordinances and are careful to do them, the Lord your God will faithfully keep covenant with you as he promised your ancestors. 13 He will love and bless you, and make you numerous. He will bless you with many children, with the produce of your soil, your grain, your new wine, your olive oil, the offspring of your oxen, and the young of your flocks⁠ in the land that he promised your ancestors to give you. 14 You will be blessed beyond all peoples; there will be no barrenness among you or your livestock. 15 The Lord will protect you from all sickness, and you will not experience any of the terrible diseases that you knew in Egypt; instead he will inflict them on all those who hate you. 16 You must destroy all the people whom the Lord your God is about to deliver over to you; your eye must not pity them or worship their gods,⁠ for that will be a snare to you.⁠ 17 If you think, “These nations are more numerous than I—how can I dispossess them?” 18 you must not fear them. You must carefully recall what the Lord your God did⁠ to Pharaoh and all Egypt, 19 the great judgments you saw, the signs and wonders, the strength and power by which he brought you out—thus the Lord your God will do to all the people you fear. 20 Furthermore, the Lord your God will release hornets among them until the very last ones who hide from you perish. 21 You must not tremble in their presence, for the Lord your God, who is present among you, is a great and awesome God.⁠ 22 He, the God who leads you, will expel the nations little by little. You will not be allowed to destroy them all at once lest the wild animals overrun you. 23 The Lord your God will give them over to you; he will throw them into a great panic until they are destroyed. 24 He will hand over their kings to you, and you will erase their very names from memory. Nobody will be able to resist you until you destroy them. 25 You must burn the images of their gods, but do not covet the silver and gold that covers them so much that you take it for yourself and thus become ensnared by it; for it is abhorrent to the Lord your God. 26 You must not bring any abhorrent thing into your house and thereby become an object of divine wrath along with it. You must absolutely detest and abhor it, for it is an object of divine wrath.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 7:18 and Deuteronomy 10:21 and Letter of Aristeas 155

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

Deuteronomy 7 and 10 call on Israel to remember the great and awesome things God has done. The Letter of Aristeas blends the two verses into one quotation and introduces it as scripture, the earliest Greek Jewish use of that word for a quoted text.

Passages

Deuteronomy 7:18

Hebrew Bible
17 If you think, “These nations are more numerous than I—how can I dispossess them?” 18 you must not fear them. You must carefully recall what the Lord your God did to Pharaoh and all Egypt, 19 the great judgments you saw, the signs and wonders, the strength and power by which he brought you out—thus the Lord your God will do to all the people you fear. 20 Furthermore, the Lord your God will release hornets among them until the very last ones who hide from you perish. 21 You must not tremble in their presence, for the Lord your God, who is present among you, is a great and awesome God.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Deuteronomy 10:21

Hebrew Bible
18 who justly treats the orphan and widow, and who loves resident foreigners, giving them food and clothing. 19 So you must love the resident foreigner because you were foreigners in the land of Egypt. 20 Revere the Lord your God, serve him, be loyal to him, and take oaths only in his name. 21 He is the one you should praise; he is your God, the one who has done these great and awesome things for you that you have seen. 22 When your ancestors went down to Egypt, they numbered only seventy, but now the Lord your God has made you as numerous as the stars of the sky.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Letter of Aristeas 155

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Letter of Aristeas to Philocrates
represent to the initiated the symbol of memory. For the act of chewing the cud is nothing other than the reminiscence of life and existence. For life is usually sustained by means of food so he exhorts us in the Scripture also in these words: 'You shall surely remember the Lord who worked in you those great and wonderful things". For when they are properly conceived, they are manifestly great and glorious; first the construction of the body and the arrangement of the food and the separation of each individual limb and, far more, the organization of the senses, the operation and invisible movement of the mind, the rapidity of its particular actions and its discovery of the
200–150 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Letter of Aristeas

References

“... § 155. scripture. In this paragraph and in § 168, Ps.-Aristeas refers to the Jewish law as ἡ γραφή, usually translated “scripture.” Although the word generally indicates something with written characters or a piece of writing, in § 155, the designation introduces a quotation of Deut 7:18, which is followed by an allusion to Deut 10:21, and thus indicates a technical usage. It is the earliest occurrence in Greek-Jewish literature of the term in this technical sense. [...] Thus, there is enough similarity to the two passages, together with the designation that this is “scripture,” to think that Ps.-Aristeas knew the Deuteronomy text but enough difference to wonder in what form he knew it. ...”
Benjamin G. Wright III, The Letter of Aristeas: ‘Aristeas to Philocrates’ or ‘On the Translation of the Law of the Jews’ (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2015), 291–292.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 7:18 and Deuteronomy 10:21 and Letter of Aristeas 155

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