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Deuteronomy

About this book
Chapter 17

1 You must not sacrifice to him a bull or sheep that has a blemish or any other defect, because that is considered offensive to the Lord your God. 2 Suppose a man or woman is discovered among you in one of your villages that the Lord your God is giving you who sins before the Lord your God and breaks his covenant 3 by serving other gods and worshiping them—the sun, moon, or any other heavenly bodies that I have not permitted you to worship.⁠ 4 When it is reported to you and you hear about it, you must investigate carefully. If it is indeed true that such a disgraceful thing is being done in Israel, 5 you must bring to your city gates that man or woman who has done this wicked thing—that very man or woman—and you must stone that person to death. 6 At the testimony of two or three witnesses the person must be executed.⁠ They cannot be put to death on the testimony of only one witness. 7 The witnesses must be first to begin the execution, and then all the people are to join in afterward. In this way you will purge the evil from among you. 8 If a matter is too difficult for you to judge—bloodshed, legal claim, or assault—matters of controversy in your villages—you must leave there and go up to the place the Lord your God chooses.⁠ 9 You will go to the Levitical priests and the judge in office in those days and seek a solution; they will render a verdict.⁠ 10 You must then do as they have determined at that place the Lord chooses. Be careful to do just as you are taught.⁠ 11 You must do what you are instructed, and the verdict they pronounce to you, without fail. Do not deviate right or left from what they tell you. 12 The person who pays no attention to the priest currently serving the Lord your God there, or to the judge—that person must die, so that you may purge evil from Israel. 13 Then all the people will hear and be afraid, and not be so presumptuous again. 14 When you come to the land the Lord your God is giving you and take it over and live in it and then say, “I will select a king like all the nations surrounding me,” 15 you must select without fail a king whom the Lord your God chooses. From among your fellow citizens you must appoint a king—you may not designate a foreigner who is not one of your fellow Israelites.⁠ 16 Moreover, he must not accumulate horses for himself⁠ or allow the people to return to Egypt to do so, for the Lord has said you must never again return that way.⁠ 17 Furthermore, he must not marry many wives lest his affections turn aside,⁠ and he must not accumulate much silver and gold. 18 When he sits on his royal throne he must make a copy of this law on a scroll given to him by the Levitical priests. 19 It must be with him constantly, and he must read it as long as he lives,⁠ so that he may learn to revere the Lord his God and observe all the words of this law and these statutes and carry them out.⁠ 20 Then he will not exalt himself above his fellow citizens or turn from the commandments to the right or left, and he and his descendants will enjoy many years ruling over his kingdom in Israel.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 17:9 and Malachi 2:4

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Malachi draws on Deuteronomy 17, which presents Levitical priests as legal and teaching authorities. It highlights their duty to preserve written instruction and to guide the people in the proper understanding of ritual and purity.

Passages

Deuteronomy 17:9

Hebrew Bible
8 If a matter is too difficult for you to judge—bloodshed, legal claim, or assault—matters of controversy in your villages—you must leave there and go up to the place the Lord your God chooses. 9 You will go to the Levitical priests and the judge in office in those days and seek a solution; they will render a verdict. 10 You must then do as they have determined at that place the Lord chooses. Be careful to do just as you are taught.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Malachi 2:4

Hebrew Bible
3 I am about to discipline your children and will spread offal on your faces, the very offal produced at your festivals, and you will be carried away along with it. 4 Then you will know that I sent this commandment to you so that my covenant may continue to be with Levi,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 5 “My covenant with him was designed to bring life and peace. I gave its statutes to him to fill him with awe, and he indeed revered me and stood in awe before me.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Malachi

References

"... The interpretive tradition embraced by the texts we will investigate, and texts related to them, is a written tradition with particular priestly concerns. These concerns embrace the temple and all that pertains to it, including the proper ritual calendar and the correct performance of the cult and the festival rituals. In addition, the tradition has a strong interest in matters of purity and impurity, in which the laws of levitical and priestly purity are extended to cover the entire people of Israel. This priestly-levitical line of interpretation, which appears in works that were composed at least as early as the third century B.C.E., relies on a set of scriptural passages concerning the role of Levi and his heirs the priests in interpretation, teaching, and instruction: Deuteronomy 17:8-13; 33:10; and Malachi 2:4-7. These scriptural passages form the basis for a priestly scribal tradition of written interpretation of Scripture held in the hands of the priests ..."
Sidnie White Crawford, Rewriting Scripture in Second Temple Times (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2008), 26–27.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 17:9 and Malachi 2:4

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