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Deuteronomy

About this book
Chapter 17

1 You must not sacrifice to him a bull or sheep that has a blemish or any other defect, because that is considered offensive to the Lord your God. 2 Suppose a man or woman is discovered among you in one of your villages that the Lord your God is giving you who sins before the Lord your God and breaks his covenant 3 by serving other gods and worshiping them—the sun, moon, or any other heavenly bodies that I have not permitted you to worship.⁠ 4 When it is reported to you and you hear about it, you must investigate carefully. If it is indeed true that such a disgraceful thing is being done in Israel, 5 you must bring to your city gates that man or woman who has done this wicked thing—that very man or woman—and you must stone that person to death. 6 At the testimony of two or three witnesses the person must be executed.⁠ They cannot be put to death on the testimony of only one witness. 7 The witnesses must be first to begin the execution, and then all the people are to join in afterward. In this way you will purge the evil from among you. 8 If a matter is too difficult for you to judge—bloodshed, legal claim, or assault—matters of controversy in your villages—you must leave there and go up to the place the Lord your God chooses.⁠ 9 You will go to the Levitical priests and the judge in office in those days and seek a solution; they will render a verdict.⁠ 10 You must then do as they have determined at that place the Lord chooses. Be careful to do just as you are taught.⁠ 11 You must do what you are instructed, and the verdict they pronounce to you, without fail. Do not deviate right or left from what they tell you. 12 The person who pays no attention to the priest currently serving the Lord your God there, or to the judge—that person must die, so that you may purge evil from Israel. 13 Then all the people will hear and be afraid, and not be so presumptuous again. 14 When you come to the land the Lord your God is giving you and take it over and live in it and then say, “I will select a king like all the nations surrounding me,” 15 you must select without fail a king whom the Lord your God chooses. From among your fellow citizens you must appoint a king—you may not designate a foreigner who is not one of your fellow Israelites.⁠ 16 Moreover, he must not accumulate horses for himself⁠ or allow the people to return to Egypt to do so, for the Lord has said you must never again return that way.⁠ 17 Furthermore, he must not marry many wives lest his affections turn aside,⁠ and he must not accumulate much silver and gold. 18 When he sits on his royal throne he must make a copy of this law on a scroll given to him by the Levitical priests. 19 It must be with him constantly, and he must read it as long as he lives,⁠ so that he may learn to revere the Lord his God and observe all the words of this law and these statutes and carry them out.⁠ 20 Then he will not exalt himself above his fellow citizens or turn from the commandments to the right or left, and he and his descendants will enjoy many years ruling over his kingdom in Israel.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 17:19 and Letter of Aristeas 279

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

In Deuteronomy 17, Moses tells Israel's king to keep a copy of the law and obey it all his life. In the Letter of Aristeas, a translator tells the king of Egypt that kings must obey the laws, perhaps applying that rule to a foreign ruler.

Passages

Deuteronomy 17:19

Hebrew Bible
17 Furthermore, he must not marry many wives lest his affections turn aside, and he must not accumulate much silver and gold. 18 When he sits on his royal throne he must make a copy of this law on a scroll given to him by the Levitical priests. 19 It must be with him constantly, and he must read it as long as he lives, so that he may learn to revere the Lord his God and observe all the words of this law and these statutes and carry them out. 20 Then he will not exalt himself above his fellow citizens or turn from the commandments to the right or left, and he and his descendants will enjoy many years ruling over his kingdom in Israel.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Letter of Aristeas 279

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Letter of Aristeas to Philocrates
The king said that he had answered well, and asked, What ought kings to obey? And he said, 'The laws, in order that by righteous enactments they may restore the lives of men. Even as you by such conduct in obedience to the Divine command have stored up for yourself a perpetual memorial.' The king said that this man, too, had spoken well, and asked the next, Whom ought we to appoint as governors? And he replied, 'All who hate wickedness, and imitating your own conduct act righteously so that they may maintain a good reputation constantly. For this is what you do, mighty King,' he said, 'and it is God who has given you the crown of righteousness.'
200–150 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Letter of Aristeas

References

“... Of course, there is also a model set out in the Jewish scriptures for how the king should relate to the laws, and that is the so-called laws of the king in Deuteronomy 17. Of the various prescriptions for the king, one enjoins him to read the law every day “so that he may learn to fear the Lord his God, diligently observing all the words of this law and these statutes” (Deut 17:19). It is difficult to know whether Ps.-Aristeas is applying this injunction to the Ptolemaic king, when Deuteronomy refers specifically to an Israelite king (cf. 17:15 where no foreigner is permitted to rule over the Israelites). Elsewhere, Ps.-Aristeas has employed biblical injunctions as applying to the king (see § 228 on parents). It may be that Ps.-Aristeas has introduced this idea here in order to curb the power of the king in theory, since in § 253 he has mentioned the king’s absolute power and authority over his subjects. ...”
Benjamin G. Wright III, The Letter of Aristeas: ‘Aristeas to Philocrates’ or ‘On the Translation of the Law of the Jews’ (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2015), 417.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 17:19 and Letter of Aristeas 279

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