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Deuteronomy

About this book
Chapter 17

1 You must not sacrifice to him a bull or sheep that has a blemish or any other defect, because that is considered offensive to the Lord your God. 2 Suppose a man or woman is discovered among you in one of your villages that the Lord your God is giving you who sins before the Lord your God and breaks his covenant 3 by serving other gods and worshiping them—the sun, moon, or any other heavenly bodies that I have not permitted you to worship.⁠ 4 When it is reported to you and you hear about it, you must investigate carefully. If it is indeed true that such a disgraceful thing is being done in Israel, 5 you must bring to your city gates that man or woman who has done this wicked thing—that very man or woman—and you must stone that person to death. 6 At the testimony of two or three witnesses the person must be executed.⁠ They cannot be put to death on the testimony of only one witness. 7 The witnesses must be first to begin the execution, and then all the people are to join in afterward. In this way you will purge the evil from among you. 8 If a matter is too difficult for you to judge—bloodshed, legal claim, or assault—matters of controversy in your villages—you must leave there and go up to the place the Lord your God chooses.⁠ 9 You will go to the Levitical priests and the judge in office in those days and seek a solution; they will render a verdict.⁠ 10 You must then do as they have determined at that place the Lord chooses. Be careful to do just as you are taught.⁠ 11 You must do what you are instructed, and the verdict they pronounce to you, without fail. Do not deviate right or left from what they tell you. 12 The person who pays no attention to the priest currently serving the Lord your God there, or to the judge—that person must die, so that you may purge evil from Israel. 13 Then all the people will hear and be afraid, and not be so presumptuous again. 14 When you come to the land the Lord your God is giving you and take it over and live in it and then say, “I will select a king like all the nations surrounding me,” 15 you must select without fail a king whom the Lord your God chooses. From among your fellow citizens you must appoint a king—you may not designate a foreigner who is not one of your fellow Israelites.⁠ 16 Moreover, he must not accumulate horses for himself⁠ or allow the people to return to Egypt to do so, for the Lord has said you must never again return that way.⁠ 17 Furthermore, he must not marry many wives lest his affections turn aside,⁠ and he must not accumulate much silver and gold. 18 When he sits on his royal throne he must make a copy of this law on a scroll given to him by the Levitical priests. 19 It must be with him constantly, and he must read it as long as he lives,⁠ so that he may learn to revere the Lord his God and observe all the words of this law and these statutes and carry them out.⁠ 20 Then he will not exalt himself above his fellow citizens or turn from the commandments to the right or left, and he and his descendants will enjoy many years ruling over his kingdom in Israel.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 17:10 and Matthew 23:3

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

In Matthew 23, Jesus instructs his listeners to follow the rulings of those who sit in the seat of Moses, echoing Deuteronomy 17 where Israel is commanded to obey the verdicts of priests and judges at the chosen place.

Passages

Deuteronomy 17:10

Hebrew Bible
8 If a matter is too difficult for you to judge—bloodshed, legal claim, or assault—matters of controversy in your villages—you must leave there and go up to the place the Lord your God chooses. 9 You will go to the Levitical priests and the judge in office in those days and seek a solution; they will render a verdict. 10 You must then do as they have determined at that place the Lord chooses. Be careful to do just as you are taught. 11 You must do what you are instructed, and the verdict they pronounce to you, without fail. Do not deviate right or left from what they tell you. 12 The person who pays no attention to the priest currently serving the Lord your God there, or to the judge—that person must die, so that you may purge evil from Israel.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Matthew 23:3

New Testament
1 Then Jesus said to the crowds and to his disciples, 2 “The experts in the law and the Pharisees sit on Moses’ seat. 3 Therefore pay attention to what they tell you and do it. But do not do what they do, for they do not practice what they teach. 4 They tie up heavy loads, hard to carry, and put them on men’s shoulders, but they themselves are not willing even to lift a finger to move them. 5 They do all their deeds to be seen by people, for they make their phylacteries wide and their tassels long.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... The Pharisees are mentioned many times in the New Testament. In Matthew 23:1–2 Jesus speaks of the teachers of the law and the Pharisees as sitting in the seat of Moses. Very likely this expression does not refer to the actual seats in the synagogues but to the central legislative authority. This pertains to the succession of the position of Moses and the juridical authority “in the place the Lord shall choose” and the central legal institution in the days of king Jehoshaphat. The normal name of it was ‘High Court’ of ‘Great Court’, but in that Roman time the designation ‘Sanhedrin’ was usual, taken from the Greek word synedrion. In the time of Jesus, the Sanhedrin resided in Jerusalem. After the destruction of Jerusalem it moved to Tiberias. The Sanhedrin was a Jewish agency with juridical authority; it was made up of seventy members in accordance with Numbers 11:16, with the high priest serving as chair. In Matthew 23:3 Jesus gave the surprising encouragement referencing the leaders sitting in the chair of Moses: “You must obey them and do everything they tell you”. This concurs with the words by Moses in relation to the central juridical office: “You must act according to the decisions they give you” (Deuteronomy 17:10). However, Jesus also adduced the reproach that these leaders do not practice their own rules ..."
Mart-Jan Paul, “Oral Tradition in the Old Testament and Judaism,” in Sola Scriptura: Biblical and Theological Perspectives on Scripture, Authority, and Hermeneutics, ed. Hans Burger, Arnold Huijgen, and Eric Peels, Studies in Reformed Theology 32 (Leiden: Brill, 2018), 123–136.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 17:10 and Matthew 23:3

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