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Deuteronomy

About this book
Chapter 15

1 At the end of every seven years you must declare a cancellation of debts.⁠ 2 This is the nature of the cancellation: Every creditor must remit what he has loaned to another person;⁠ he must not force payment from his fellow Israelite, for it is to be recognized as “the Lord’s cancellation of debts.” 3 You may exact payment from a foreigner, but whatever your fellow Israelite owes you, you must remit. 4 However, there should not be any poor among you, for the Lord will surely bless you in the land that he is giving you as an inheritance, 5 if you carefully obey him by keeping all these commandments that I am giving you today. 6 For the Lord your God will bless you just as he has promised; you will lend to many nations but will not borrow from any, and you will rule over many nations but they will not rule over you. 7 If a fellow Israelite from one of your villages in the land that the Lord your God is giving you should be poor, you must not harden your heart or be insensitive to his impoverished condition.⁠ 8 Instead, you must be sure to open your hand to him and generously lend him whatever he needs. 9 Be careful lest you entertain the wicked thought that the seventh year, the year of cancellation of debts, has almost arrived, and your attitude be wrong toward your impoverished fellow Israelite and you do not lend him anything; he will cry out to the Lord against you,⁠ and you will be regarded as having sinned.⁠ 10 You must by all means lend to him and not be upset by doing it, for because of this the Lord your God will bless you in all your work and in everything you attempt. 11 There will never cease to be some poor people in the land; therefore, I am commanding you to make sure you open your hand to your fellow Israelites who are needy and poor in your land.⁠ 12 If your fellow Hebrew—whether male or female—is sold to you and serves you for six years, then in the seventh year you must let that servant go free.⁠ 13 If you set them free, you must not send them away empty-handed. 14 You must supply them generously from your flock, your threshing floor, and your winepress—as the Lord your God has blessed you, you must give to them. 15 Remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt and the Lord your God redeemed you; therefore, I am commanding you to do this thing today. 16 However, if the servant says to you, “I do not want to leave you,” because he loves you and your household, since he is well off with you, 17 you shall take an awl and pierce a hole through his ear to the door. Then he will become your servant permanently (this applies to your female servant as well). 18 You should not consider it difficult to let him go free, for he will have served you for six years, twice the time of a hired worker; the Lord your God will bless you in everything you do. 19 You must set apart for the Lord your God every firstborn male born to your herds and flocks. You must not work the firstborn of your bulls or shear the firstborn of your flocks. 20 You and your household must eat them annually before the Lord your God in the place he chooses. 21 If one of them has any kind of blemish—lameness, blindness, or anything else—you may not offer it as a sacrifice to the Lord your God.⁠ 22 You may eat it in your villages, whether you are ritually impure or clean, just as you would eat a gazelle or an ibex. 23 However, you must not eat its blood; you must pour it out on the ground like water.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 15:7 and Sirach 4:1

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Sirach 4 tells people not to mistreat the poor, based on the command in Deuteronomy 15 that one must not harden the heart toward a needy neighbor but instead give generously to the poor and vulnerable.

Passages

Deuteronomy 15:7

Hebrew Bible
5 if you carefully obey him by keeping all these commandments that I am giving you today. 6 For the Lord your God will bless you just as he has promised; you will lend to many nations but will not borrow from any, and you will rule over many nations but they will not rule over you. 7 If a fellow Israelite from one of your villages in the land that the Lord your God is giving you should be poor, you must not harden your heart or be insensitive to his impoverished condition. 8 Instead, you must be sure to open your hand to him and generously lend him whatever he needs.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Sirach 4:1

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
1 My son, don’t deprive the poor of his living. Don’t make the needy eyes wait long. 2 Don’t make a hungry soul sorrowful, or provoke a man in his distress. 3 Don’t add more trouble to a heart that is provoked. Don’t put off giving to him who is in need. 4 Don’t reject a suppliant in his affliction. Don’t turn your face away from a poor man. 5 Don’t turn your eye away from one who asks. Give no occasion to a man to curse you.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... According to Ben Sira, wealth is a feature of the present age and should be used to help others ... Storing up almsgiving in one’s storehouse meets with favor in the eyes of God (Sirach 17:20–3) and atones for sin (Sirach 3:30). The idea that one should appoint their goods to friends and relatives denotes some degree of negotiating wealth to their own benefit. While Ben Sira’s rhetoric may well be sincere, the idea of ‘storing up almsgiving’ seems somewhat oxymoronic. Moreover, while he exhorts his students to give ‘according to the command’ he also offers some personal benefits for doing so. The background for this command is probably Deuteronomy 15:7–11, in which verse 10 states, ‘Give liberally and be ungrudging when you do so, for on this account the Lord your God will bless you in all your work and in all that you undertake.’ Thus, the references, ‘it will profit you more than gold’ and ‘it will save you from every evil’ have a this-worldly perspective. What is in mind here is the promise of material blessing for obedience, which giving to the poor reflects ..."
Mark D. Mathews, Riches, Poverty, and the Faithful: Perspectives on Wealth in the Second Temple Period and the Apocalypse of John, SNTSMS 154 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), 67.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 15:7 and Sirach 4:1

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