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Deuteronomy

About this book
Chapter 15

1 At the end of every seven years you must declare a cancellation of debts.⁠ 2 This is the nature of the cancellation: Every creditor must remit what he has loaned to another person;⁠ he must not force payment from his fellow Israelite, for it is to be recognized as “the Lord’s cancellation of debts.” 3 You may exact payment from a foreigner, but whatever your fellow Israelite owes you, you must remit. 4 However, there should not be any poor among you, for the Lord will surely bless you in the land that he is giving you as an inheritance, 5 if you carefully obey him by keeping all these commandments that I am giving you today. 6 For the Lord your God will bless you just as he has promised; you will lend to many nations but will not borrow from any, and you will rule over many nations but they will not rule over you. 7 If a fellow Israelite from one of your villages in the land that the Lord your God is giving you should be poor, you must not harden your heart or be insensitive to his impoverished condition.⁠ 8 Instead, you must be sure to open your hand to him and generously lend him whatever he needs. 9 Be careful lest you entertain the wicked thought that the seventh year, the year of cancellation of debts, has almost arrived, and your attitude be wrong toward your impoverished fellow Israelite and you do not lend him anything; he will cry out to the Lord against you,⁠ and you will be regarded as having sinned.⁠ 10 You must by all means lend to him and not be upset by doing it, for because of this the Lord your God will bless you in all your work and in everything you attempt. 11 There will never cease to be some poor people in the land; therefore, I am commanding you to make sure you open your hand to your fellow Israelites who are needy and poor in your land.⁠ 12 If your fellow Hebrew—whether male or female—is sold to you and serves you for six years, then in the seventh year you must let that servant go free.⁠ 13 If you set them free, you must not send them away empty-handed. 14 You must supply them generously from your flock, your threshing floor, and your winepress—as the Lord your God has blessed you, you must give to them. 15 Remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt and the Lord your God redeemed you; therefore, I am commanding you to do this thing today. 16 However, if the servant says to you, “I do not want to leave you,” because he loves you and your household, since he is well off with you, 17 you shall take an awl and pierce a hole through his ear to the door. Then he will become your servant permanently (this applies to your female servant as well). 18 You should not consider it difficult to let him go free, for he will have served you for six years, twice the time of a hired worker; the Lord your God will bless you in everything you do. 19 You must set apart for the Lord your God every firstborn male born to your herds and flocks. You must not work the firstborn of your bulls or shear the firstborn of your flocks. 20 You and your household must eat them annually before the Lord your God in the place he chooses. 21 If one of them has any kind of blemish—lameness, blindness, or anything else—you may not offer it as a sacrifice to the Lord your God.⁠ 22 You may eat it in your villages, whether you are ritually impure or clean, just as you would eat a gazelle or an ibex. 23 However, you must not eat its blood; you must pour it out on the ground like water.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 15:2 and 11Q13 2:6

Hebrew Bible · Dead Sea Scrolls, Biblical Interpretation

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Summary

In Deuteronomy, creditors must release fellow Israelites from their debts every seven years. In 11Q13, a Dead Sea Scroll about Melchizedek, this commandment becomes a promise that he will release people from their sins at the end of days.

Passages

Deuteronomy 15:2

Hebrew Bible
1 At the end of every seven years you must declare a cancellation of debts. 2 This is the nature of the cancellation: Every creditor must remit what he has loaned to another person; he must not force payment from his fellow Israelite, for it is to be recognized as “the Lord’s cancellation of debts.” 3 You may exact payment from a foreigner, but whatever your fellow Israelite owes you, you must remit.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

11Q13 2:6

Dead Sea Scrolls, Biblical Interpretation · The Heavenly Prince Melchizedek
2 […] and as for what it says, “In [this] year of jubilee [each of you shall return to his property,” and about it he said, “And] this 3 [is the manner of the release:] every creditor shall release what he has lent [to his neighbor. He shall not press his neighbor or his brother, for there has been proclaimed] a release 4 for God.” [Its interpretation] for the end of days concerns the captives, who […] and whose 5 teachers have been hidden and kept secret, and from the inheritance of Melchizedek, for […] … and they are the inheritance of Melchizedek, who 6 will bring them back to them. He will proclaim liberty to them, to release them from [the burden of] all their iniquities. And [thus] this thing will happen 7 in the first week of the jubilee that follows the nine jubilees. The Day of Atonement is the end of the tenth jubilee, 8 to atone on it for all the sons of [light] and the men of the lot of Melchizedek. […] … upon them … according to all their deeds, for
100–50 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 11Q13

References

“... The scrolls have contributed to the debate the evidence of Melchizedek (11QMelch = 11Q13), an eschatological midrash on Lev 25:9–13 involv- ing Melchizedek. The fragmentary text attests speculation on the mysterious figure, identifying the biblical priest as one of the Elohim (“divine beings”) of Ps 82:1 and attributing to him an eschatological role. Melchizedek appears first as a liberator in the eschatological Jubilee. The midrash bases its scenario upon Lev 25:13 and Deut 15:2 (11Q13 2.2–3). In fulfillment of the prophecy of Isa 61:1, Melchizedek will inaugurate this blessed time and “proclaim liberty to them, relieving them [of the debt] of all their iniquities” (11Q13 2.6). ...”
Harold W. Attridge, “How the Scrolls Impacted Scholarship on Hebrews,” in The Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls, Volume Three: The Scrolls and Christian Origins, ed. James H. Charlesworth (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2006), 218–219.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 15:2 and 11Q13 2:6

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