Go to Related Reading
About this book

Deuteronomy

About this book
Chapter 12

1 These are the statutes and ordinances you must be careful to obey as long as you live in the land the Lord, the God of your ancestors, has given you to possess. 2 You must by all means destroy all the places where the nations you are about to dispossess worship their gods—on the high mountains and hills and under every leafy tree.⁠ 3 You must tear down their altars, shatter their sacred pillars, burn up their sacred Asherah poles,⁠ and cut down the images of their gods; you must eliminate their very memory from that place. 4 You must not worship the Lord your God the way they worship. 5 But you must seek only the place he chooses⁠ from all your tribes to establish his name⁠ as his place of residence,⁠ and you must go there. 6 And there you must take your burnt offerings, your sacrifices, your tithes, the personal offerings you have prepared, your votive offerings, your freewill offerings, and the firstborn of your herds and flocks. 7 Both you and your families must feast there before the Lord your God and rejoice in all the output of your labor with which he has blessed you. 8 You must not do as we are doing here today, with everyone doing what is right in their eyes,⁠ 9 for you have not yet come to the final stop and inheritance the Lord your God is giving you. 10 When you do go across the Jordan River and settle in the land he is granting you as an inheritance and you find relief from all the enemies who surround you, you will live in safety.⁠ 11 Then you must come to the place the Lord your God chooses for his name to reside,⁠ bringing everything I am commanding you—your burnt offerings, sacrifices, tithes, the personal offerings you have prepared, and all your choice votive offerings that you devote to him. 12 You shall rejoice in the presence of the Lord your God, along with your sons, daughters, male and female servants, and the Levites in your villages (since they have no allotment or inheritance with you). 13 Make sure you do not offer burnt offerings in any place you wish, 14 for you may do so only in the place the Lord chooses⁠ in one of your tribal areas—there you may do everything I am commanding you. 15 On the other hand, you may slaughter and eat meat as you please when the Lord your God blesses you in all your villages. Both the ritually pure and impure may eat it, whether it is a gazelle or an ibex. 16 However, you must not eat blood—pour it out on the ground like water.⁠ 17 You will not be allowed to eat in your villages your tithe of grain, new wine, olive oil, the firstborn of your herd and flock, any votive offerings you have vowed, or your freewill and personal offerings. 18 Only in the presence of the Lord your God may you eat these, in the place he chooses. This applies to you, your son, your daughter, your male and female servants, and the Levites in your villages. In that place you will rejoice before the Lord your God in all the output of your labor. 19 Be careful not to overlook the Levites as long as you live in the land. 20 When the Lord your God extends your borders as he said he would do and you say, “I want to eat meat just as I please,” you may do so as you wish. 21 If the place he chooses to locate his name is too far for you, you may slaughter any of your herd and flock he has given you just as I have stipulated; you may eat them in your villages just as you wish. 22 As you eat the gazelle or ibex, so you may eat these; the ritually impure and pure alike may eat them.⁠ 23 However, by no means eat the blood, for the blood is life itself—you must not eat the life with the meat. 24 You must not eat it! You must pour it out on the ground like water. 25 You must not eat it so that it may go well with you and your children after you; you will be doing what is right in the Lord’s sight. 26 But the holy things and votive offerings that belong to you, you must pick up and take to the place the Lord will choose. 27 You must offer your burnt offerings, both meat and blood, on the altar of the Lord your God; the blood of your other sacrifices you must pour out on his altar while you eat the meat. 28 Pay careful attention to all these things I am commanding you so that it may always go well with you and your children after you when you do what is good and right in the sight of the Lord your God. 29 When the Lord your God eliminates the nations from the place where you are headed and you dispossess them, you will settle down in their land. 30 After they have been destroyed from your presence, be careful not to be ensnared like they are; do not inquire* of their gods⁠ and say, “How do these nations serve their gods? I will do the same.” 31 You must not worship the Lord your God the way they do! For everything that is abhorrent to him, everything he hates, they have done when worshiping their gods. They even burn up their sons and daughters before their gods! 32 (13:1) You must be careful to do everything I am commanding you. Do not add to it or subtract from it!⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 12:32 and The Vassal Treaties of Esarhaddon 1:397-409

Hebrew Bible · Ancient Near East, Assyrian

Share:

Summary

Deuteronomy’s command not to add or subtract from it echoes Neo-Assyrian treaties like Esarhaddon’s, which forbid altering the written oath. Both stress that a covenant is permanent and that the written document remains binding for future generations.

Passages

Deuteronomy 12:32

Hebrew Bible
30 After they have been destroyed from your presence, be careful not to be ensnared like they are; do not inquire* of their gods and say, “How do these nations serve their gods? I will do the same.” 31 You must not worship the Lord your God the way they do! For everything that is abhorrent to him, everything he hates, they have done when worshiping their gods. They even burn up their sons and daughters before their gods! 32 (13:1) You must be careful to do everything I am commanding you. Do not add to it or subtract from it!
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

The Vassal Treaties of Esarhaddon 1:397-409

Ancient Near East, Assyrian · Esarhaddon's Succession Treaty (SAA 2 6)
397 Whoever changes, disregards, transgresses or erases the oaths of this tablet or [dis]regards... this treaty and transgresses its oath, [may the guardian(s) of] this treaty tablet, [Aššur], king of the gods, and the great gods, my lords, [......] the statue of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, or the statue of Assurbanipal, the great crown prince designate, or the statue of [his] b[rother......] the seal of the [great] ru[ler, father] of the gods, [......]. You shall guard [this treaty tablet which] is sealed with the seal of Aššur, king of the gods, and set up in your presence, like your own god.
672 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in The Vassal Treaties of Esarhaddon

References

"... In addition to making an oath effectual and divinely enforced, writing the oath down also meant that it would endure through time without losing power of efficacy. A neo-Assyrian loyalty oath would use language indicating that the vassal commitment to the suzerain is everlasting: “Never to break the adê which is henceforth valid for ever” (VTE 377-384:33) for all generations of the vassals “who will exist in days to come after the treaty”. Due to the material efficaciousness of individual instantiations of loyalty oaths, as documents they often included prohibitions against alteration of the writing. The Esarhaddon and Aramaic Sefire treaties alike establish an injunction to never alter or destroy the physical document, which Deuteronomy 13:1 echoes in order to portray the covenant as unchangeable and permanent: “You must diligently observe everything that I command you; do not add to it or take anything from it.” Deuteronomy 4:2 also states, “You must neither add anything to what I command you nor take away anything from it.” Bernard M. Levinson reminds that “The formula [in Deuteronomy 13:1] actually has a long pre-history in the ancient Near East, where it originally sought to prevent royal inscriptions, including law collections and treaties (compare 1 Maccabees 8:30) from being altered.” ..."
Lisa Joann Cleath, “Reading Ceremonies in the Hebrew Bible: Ideologies of Textual Authority in Joshua 8, 2 Kings 22–23, and Nehemiah 8” (diss., George Fox University, 2016), 37.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Deuteronomy 12:32 and The Vassal Treaties of Esarhaddon 1:397-409

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library