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Deuteronomy

About this book
Chapter 12

1 These are the statutes and ordinances you must be careful to obey as long as you live in the land the Lord, the God of your ancestors, has given you to possess. 2 You must by all means destroy all the places where the nations you are about to dispossess worship their gods—on the high mountains and hills and under every leafy tree.⁠ 3 You must tear down their altars, shatter their sacred pillars, burn up their sacred Asherah poles,⁠ and cut down the images of their gods; you must eliminate their very memory from that place. 4 You must not worship the Lord your God the way they worship. 5 But you must seek only the place he chooses⁠ from all your tribes to establish his name⁠ as his place of residence,⁠ and you must go there. 6 And there you must take your burnt offerings, your sacrifices, your tithes, the personal offerings you have prepared, your votive offerings, your freewill offerings, and the firstborn of your herds and flocks. 7 Both you and your families must feast there before the Lord your God and rejoice in all the output of your labor with which he has blessed you. 8 You must not do as we are doing here today, with everyone doing what is right in their eyes,⁠ 9 for you have not yet come to the final stop and inheritance the Lord your God is giving you. 10 When you do go across the Jordan River and settle in the land he is granting you as an inheritance and you find relief from all the enemies who surround you, you will live in safety.⁠ 11 Then you must come to the place the Lord your God chooses for his name to reside,⁠ bringing everything I am commanding you—your burnt offerings, sacrifices, tithes, the personal offerings you have prepared, and all your choice votive offerings that you devote to him. 12 You shall rejoice in the presence of the Lord your God, along with your sons, daughters, male and female servants, and the Levites in your villages (since they have no allotment or inheritance with you). 13 Make sure you do not offer burnt offerings in any place you wish, 14 for you may do so only in the place the Lord chooses⁠ in one of your tribal areas—there you may do everything I am commanding you. 15 On the other hand, you may slaughter and eat meat as you please when the Lord your God blesses you in all your villages. Both the ritually pure and impure may eat it, whether it is a gazelle or an ibex. 16 However, you must not eat blood—pour it out on the ground like water.⁠ 17 You will not be allowed to eat in your villages your tithe of grain, new wine, olive oil, the firstborn of your herd and flock, any votive offerings you have vowed, or your freewill and personal offerings. 18 Only in the presence of the Lord your God may you eat these, in the place he chooses. This applies to you, your son, your daughter, your male and female servants, and the Levites in your villages. In that place you will rejoice before the Lord your God in all the output of your labor. 19 Be careful not to overlook the Levites as long as you live in the land. 20 When the Lord your God extends your borders as he said he would do and you say, “I want to eat meat just as I please,” you may do so as you wish. 21 If the place he chooses to locate his name is too far for you, you may slaughter any of your herd and flock he has given you just as I have stipulated; you may eat them in your villages just as you wish. 22 As you eat the gazelle or ibex, so you may eat these; the ritually impure and pure alike may eat them.⁠ 23 However, by no means eat the blood, for the blood is life itself—you must not eat the life with the meat. 24 You must not eat it! You must pour it out on the ground like water. 25 You must not eat it so that it may go well with you and your children after you; you will be doing what is right in the Lord’s sight. 26 But the holy things and votive offerings that belong to you, you must pick up and take to the place the Lord will choose. 27 You must offer your burnt offerings, both meat and blood, on the altar of the Lord your God; the blood of your other sacrifices you must pour out on his altar while you eat the meat. 28 Pay careful attention to all these things I am commanding you so that it may always go well with you and your children after you when you do what is good and right in the sight of the Lord your God. 29 When the Lord your God eliminates the nations from the place where you are headed and you dispossess them, you will settle down in their land. 30 After they have been destroyed from your presence, be careful not to be ensnared like they are; do not inquire* of their gods⁠ and say, “How do these nations serve their gods? I will do the same.” 31 You must not worship the Lord your God the way they do! For everything that is abhorrent to him, everything he hates, they have done when worshiping their gods. They even burn up their sons and daughters before their gods! 32 (13:1) You must be careful to do everything I am commanding you. Do not add to it or subtract from it!⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 12:11 and 2 Kings 23:19

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

In 2 Kings, Josiah is praised for ending worship outside Jerusalem and enforcing Deuteronomy’s rule to keep sacrifices in one chosen place. He is shown as the model of obedience in the Deuteronomistic history, setting the standard for other kings.

Passages

Deuteronomy 12:11

Hebrew Bible
10 When you do go across the Jordan River and settle in the land he is granting you as an inheritance and you find relief from all the enemies who surround you, you will live in safety. 11 Then you must come to the place the Lord your God chooses for his name to reside, bringing everything I am commanding you—your burnt offerings, sacrifices, tithes, the personal offerings you have prepared, and all your choice votive offerings that you devote to him. 12 You shall rejoice in the presence of the Lord your God, along with your sons, daughters, male and female servants, and the Levites in your villages (since they have no allotment or inheritance with you).
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

2 Kings 23:19

Hebrew Bible
18 The king said, “Leave it alone! No one must touch his bones.” So they left his bones undisturbed, as well as the bones of the Israelite prophet buried beside him. 19 Josiah also removed all the shrines on the high places in the cities of Samaria. The kings of Israel had made them and angered the Lord. He did to them what he had done to the high place in Bethel. 20 He sacrificed all the priests of the high places on the altars located there, and burned human bones on them. Then he returned to Jerusalem.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Kings

References

"... The most important factor from his point of view seems to be centralization of the religion. The first law of Deuteronomy's law code is that there is to be only one place for sacrifice, one place 'where Yahweh sets his name.' The writer therefore regards Jeroboam's establishment of the golden calves at Beth-El and Dan as a tremendous sin. He rates every king of Israel as having 'done bad in the eyes of Yahweh,' because none of them removed the calves. As for the kings of Judah, he rates several of them as having 'done bad in the eyes of Yahweh' for various offenses—which always include building or retaining the 'high places' for worship outside of Jerusalem. Even when he rates a king of Judah as having 'done what is right in the eyes of Yahweh,' he still says, 'except that he did not do away with the high places.' Of all the kings of Israel and Judah, only two do not receive this criticism: Hezekiah and Josiah, the two kings who are said to have destroyed the high places. The one consistent criterion, applied to every king, is centralization of religion. But after Josiah, this criterion disappears. The last two chapters of 2 Kings do not even mention high places. According to the books of the prophets Jeremiah and Ezekiel, the high places were reestablished in this period. Yet the Deuteronomistic writer does not mention it, neither to praise any of the last four kings for rejecting high places, nor to attack them for rebuilding them ..."
Richard Elliott Friedman, Who Wrote the Bible? (New York: HarperCollins, 1997), 114–115.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 12:11 and 2 Kings 23:19

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