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Daniel

About this book
Chapter 9

1 In the first year of Darius son of Ahasuerus, who was of Median descent and who had been appointed king over the Babylonian empire— 2 in the first year of his reign I, Daniel, came to understand from the sacred books that the number of years for the fulfilling of the desolation of Jerusalem, which had come as the Lord’s message to the prophet Jeremiah, would be 70 years.⁠ 3 So I turned my attention to the Lord God to implore him by prayer and requests, with fasting, sackcloth, and ashes. 4 I prayed to the Lord my God, confessing in this way: “O Lord, great and awesome God who is faithful to his covenant with those who love him⁠ and keep his commandments,⁠ 5 we have sinned! We have done what is wrong and wicked; we have rebelled by turning away from your commandments and standards. 6 We have not paid attention to your servants the prophets, who spoke by your authority to our kings, our leaders, and our ancestors, and to all the inhabitants of the land as well. 7 “You are righteous, O Lord, but we are humiliated this day—the people of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem and all Israel, both near and far away in all the countries in which you have scattered them because they have behaved unfaithfully toward you. 8 O Lord, we have been humiliated—our kings, our leaders, and our ancestors—because we have sinned against you. 9 Yet the Lord our God is compassionate and forgiving, even though we have rebelled against him.⁠ 10 We have not obeyed the Lord our God by living according to his laws that he set before us through his servants the prophets. 11 “All Israel has broken your law and turned away by not obeying you. Therefore you have poured out on us the judgment solemnly threatened in the law of Moses the servant of God, for we have sinned against you. 12 He has carried out his threats against us and our rulers who were over us by bringing great calamity on us—what has happened to Jerusalem has never been equaled under all heaven! 13 Just as it is written in the law of Moses, so all this calamity has come on us.⁠ Still we have not tried to pacify the Lord our God by turning back from our sin and by seeking wisdom from your reliable moral standards. 14 The Lord was mindful of the calamity, and he brought it on us. For the Lord our God is just in all he has done, and we have not obeyed him. 15 “Now, O Lord our God, who brought your people out of the land of Egypt with great power and made a name for yourself that is remembered to this day—we have sinned and behaved wickedly. 16 O Lord, according to all your justice, please turn your raging anger away from your city Jerusalem, your holy mountain. For due to our sins and the iniquities of our ancestors, Jerusalem and your people are mocked by all our neighbors. 17 “So now, our God, accept the prayer and requests of your servant, and show favor to your devastated sanctuary for your own sake. 18 Listen attentively, my God, and hear! Open your eyes and look on our desolated ruins and the city called by your name. For it is not because of our own righteous deeds that we are praying to you, but because your compassion is abundant. 19 O Lord, hear! O Lord, forgive! O Lord, pay attention, and act! Don’t delay, for your own sake, O my God!⁠ For your city and your people are called by your name.” 20 While I was still speaking and praying, confessing my sin and the sin of my people Israel⁠ and presenting my request before the Lord my God concerning his holy mountain— 21 yes, while I was still praying, the man Gabriel, whom I had seen previously in a vision, was approaching me in my state of extreme weariness, around the time of the evening offering. 22 He spoke with me, instructing me as follows: “Daniel, I have now come to impart understanding to you. 23 At the beginning of your requests a message went out, and I have come to convey it to you, for you are of great value in God’s sight. Therefore consider the message and understand the vision: 24 “Seventy weeks have been determined⁠ concerning your people and your holy city to put an end to rebellion, to bring sin to completion, to atone for iniquity, to bring in perpetual righteousness, to seal up the prophetic vision, and to anoint a Most Holy Place.⁠ 25 So know and understand: From the issuing of the command to restore and rebuild Jerusalem until an anointed one, a prince arrives, there will be a period of seven weeks and sixty-two weeks. It will again be built, with plaza and moat, but in distressful times. 26 Now after the sixty-two weeks, an anointed one will be cut off⁠ and have nothing. As for the city and the sanctuary, the people of the coming prince will destroy them. But his end will come speedily like a flood. Until the end of the war that has been decreed there will be destruction.⁠ 27 He will confirm a covenant with many for one week. But in the middle of that week he will bring sacrifices and offerings to a halt. On the wing of abominations will come one who destroys,⁠ until the decreed end is poured out on the one who destroys.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 7:9 and Daniel 9:4

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Daniel 9 opens with a prayer that recalls Deuteronomy’s description of God as faithful to those who love him and obey his commands. Daniel adopts Deuteronomy’s covenant language but shifts it into a setting of confession and repentance.

Passages

Deuteronomy 7:9

Hebrew Bible
7 It is not because you were more numerous than all the other peoples that the Lord favored and chose you—for in fact you were the least numerous of all peoples. 8 Rather it is because of his love for you and his faithfulness to the promise he solemnly vowed to your ancestors that the Lord brought you out with great power, redeeming you from the place of slavery, from the power of Pharaoh king of Egypt. 9 So realize that the Lord your God is the true God, the faithful God who keeps covenant faithfully with those who love him and keep his commandments, to a thousand generations, 10 but who pays back those who hate him as they deserve and destroys them. He will not ignore those who hate him but will repay them as they deserve! 11 So keep the commandments, statutes, and ordinances that I today am commanding you to do.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Daniel 9:4

Hebrew Bible
2 in the first year of his reign I, Daniel, came to understand from the sacred books that the number of years for the fulfilling of the desolation of Jerusalem, which had come as the Lord’s message to the prophet Jeremiah, would be 70 years. 3 So I turned my attention to the Lord God to implore him by prayer and requests, with fasting, sackcloth, and ashes. 4 I prayed to the Lord my God, confessing in this way: “O Lord, great and awesome God who is faithful to his covenant with those who love him and keep his commandments, 5 we have sinned! We have done what is wrong and wicked; we have rebelled by turning away from your commandments and standards. 6 We have not paid attention to your servants the prophets, who spoke by your authority to our kings, our leaders, and our ancestors, and to all the inhabitants of the land as well.
200–101 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Daniel

References

"... In 587 B.C. and in the 160s B.C. the sanctuary was despoiled and emptied of its thronging worshipers: “[Jerusalem’s] sanctuary was laid waste like a wilderness, her feasts were turned into mourning, her sabbaths into reproach, her honor into contempt”; sacrifices were suspended and the building defiled (1 Maccabees 1:39, 45–47; compare Lamentations 1:4, 10; 2:6, 7). The prayer’s cultic interest corresponds to that of other material in chapters 7–12. The response God looks for from his people is stated first in the initial description of his characteristics: he is faithful to those “who love him and keep his commands” (verse 4); the phrase recalls, behind Nehemiah 1:5, Deuteronomy 7:9 (also Deuteronomy 5:10 = Exodus 20:10); the theme of loving God is most common in Deuteronomistic contexts. There, as in Daniel 9:4, the context characteristically indicates that this love is not so much an emotion as a moral commitment (see Deuteronomy 6:5; 10:12; 11:1; 30:16, 20). This same emphasis features subsequently in Daniel 9 in repeated references to listening to / obeying God’s voice speaking through the prophets (verses 6, 10, 11, 14), which issues in living (“walk”) by his teaching(s) (verse 10). These expressions, too, are characteristically Deuteronomistic (e.g., Deuteronomy 11:22; 12:28; 13:4–5; 19:9; 28:1–2; 30:2, 8, 10, 16; Joshua 22:5). The significance of this is that the response God looks for from his people is the one required by that covenant expounded in Deuteronomy ..."
John E. Goldingay, Word Biblical Commentary: Daniel (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2017), 529–530.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 7:9 and Daniel 9:4

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