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Daniel

About this book
Chapter 10

1 In the third year of King Cyrus of Persia a message was revealed to Daniel (who was also called Belteshazzar). This message was true and concerned a great war. He understood the message and gained insight by the vision. 2 In those days I, Daniel, was mourning for three whole weeks. 3 I ate no choice food, no meat or wine came to my lips, nor did I anoint myself with oil until the end of those three weeks.⁠ 4 On the twenty-fourth day of the first month I was beside the great river, the Tigris. 5 I looked up and saw a man clothed in linen; around his waist was a belt made of gold from Ufaz. 6 His body resembled yellow jasper, and his face had an appearance like lightning.⁠ His eyes were like blazing torches;⁠ his arms and feet had the gleam of polished bronze.⁠ His voice thundered forth like the sound of a large crowd. 7 Only I, Daniel, saw the vision; the men who were with me did not see it. On the contrary, they were overcome with fright and ran away to hide. 8 I alone was left to see this great vision. My strength drained from me, and my vigor disappeared; I was without energy. 9 I listened to his voice, and as I did so I fell into a trance-like sleep with my face to the ground. 10 Then a hand touched me and set me on my hands and knees.⁠ 11 He said to me, “Daniel, you are of great value. Understand the words that I am about to speak to you. So stand up, for I have now been sent to you.” When he said this to me, I stood up shaking. 12 Then he said to me, “Don’t be afraid, Daniel, for from the very first day you applied your mind to understand and to humble yourself before your God, your words were heard. I have come in response to your words. 13 However, the prince of the kingdom of Persia was opposing me for 21 days. But Michael, one of the leading princes, came to help me, because I was left there with the kings of Persia. 14 Now I have come to help you understand what will happen to your people in future days, for the vision pertains to days to come.” 15 While he was saying this to me, I was flat on the ground and unable to speak. 16 Then one who appeared to be a human being was touching my lips. I opened my mouth and started to speak, saying to the one who was standing before me, “Sir, due to the vision, anxiety has gripped me and I have no strength. 17 How, sir, am I able to speak with you? My strength is gone, and I am breathless.” 18 Then the one who appeared to be a human being touched me again and strengthened me. 19 He said to me, “Don’t be afraid, you who are highly valued. Peace be to you! Be strong! Be really strong!” When he spoke to me, I was strengthened. I said, “Sir, you may speak now, for you have given me strength.” 20 He said, “Do you know why I have come to you? Now I am about to return to engage in battle with the prince of Persia. When I go, the prince of Greece is coming.⁠ 21 However, I will first tell you what is written in a dependable book. (There is no one who strengthens me against these princes, except Michael your prince.

Texts in conversation

Compare Daniel 10:6 and Joseph and Aseneth 14:9

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

Joseph and Aseneth uses the same imagery as Daniel 10, describing a shining figure with fiery eyes and gleaming limbs. The scene describes divine power and the “extramission theory” of vision, where sight was the result of light coming out of the eyes.

Passages

Daniel 10:6

Hebrew Bible
5 I looked up and saw a man clothed in linen; around his waist was a belt made of gold from Ufaz. 6 His body resembled yellow jasper, and his face had an appearance like lightning. His eyes were like blazing torches; his arms and feet had the gleam of polished bronze. His voice thundered forth like the sound of a large crowd. 7 Only I, Daniel, saw the vision; the men who were with me did not see it. On the contrary, they were overcome with fright and ran away to hide.
200–101 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Daniel

Joseph and Aseneth 14:9

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
7 And he said: "I am the supreme commander of the Lord God and commander of the whole army of the Most High: stand up and stand on your feet, so that I may speak my words to you." 8 And she lifted up her face and saw, and look, a man like Joseph in every way, with a robe, a wreath, and a royal staff, 9 except that his face was like lightning, and his eyes like the light of the sun, and the hair of his head like the flame of a burning torch, and his hands and his feet like iron glowing from the fire, for what seemed like sparks came from both his hands and his feet. 10 Seeing these things Asenath was afraid and fell on her face, unable even to stand on her feet, for she became greatly afraid and all her limbs trembled.
100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joseph and Aseneth

References

"... In the Pseudepigrapha the figure of a chief angel, who possessed at least part of God's glory, became of great importance in the period leading up to the advent of Christianity. Whilst the status of Joseph in Joseph and Aseneth, or the Logos in Philo’s work, is still unclear, probably deliberately so, the chief angels in the Pseudepigrapha are clearly angelic and clearly vice-regents of God. There are three texts worth examining in this context ... In Joseph and Aseneth we meet an unnamed figure; according to Burchard this is Michael. This angel is like a man, but his face is like lightning and eyes like sunshine, his hair is like fire, his hands and feet shoot forth sparks and are like iron shining forth from fire (like the molten bronze in Apocalypse of Zephaniah) (14:9-10). He also carries a staff like the angel Yahoel in the Apocalypse of Abraham (14:9). The unnamed angel is described as 'chief of the house of the Lord and commander of the whole host of the Most High' (14:8) ..."
Norman Ricklefs, “An Angelic Community: The Significance of Beliefs about Angels in the First Four Centuries of Christianity” (PhD diss., Macquarie University, 2002), 105–106.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Daniel 10:6 and Joseph and Aseneth 14:9

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