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Daniel

About this book
Chapter 10

1 In the third year of King Cyrus of Persia a message was revealed to Daniel (who was also called Belteshazzar). This message was true and concerned a great war. He understood the message and gained insight by the vision. 2 In those days I, Daniel, was mourning for three whole weeks. 3 I ate no choice food, no meat or wine came to my lips, nor did I anoint myself with oil until the end of those three weeks.⁠ 4 On the twenty-fourth day of the first month I was beside the great river, the Tigris. 5 I looked up and saw a man clothed in linen; around his waist was a belt made of gold from Ufaz. 6 His body resembled yellow jasper, and his face had an appearance like lightning.⁠ His eyes were like blazing torches;⁠ his arms and feet had the gleam of polished bronze.⁠ His voice thundered forth like the sound of a large crowd. 7 Only I, Daniel, saw the vision; the men who were with me did not see it. On the contrary, they were overcome with fright and ran away to hide. 8 I alone was left to see this great vision. My strength drained from me, and my vigor disappeared; I was without energy. 9 I listened to his voice, and as I did so I fell into a trance-like sleep with my face to the ground. 10 Then a hand touched me and set me on my hands and knees.⁠ 11 He said to me, “Daniel, you are of great value. Understand the words that I am about to speak to you. So stand up, for I have now been sent to you.” When he said this to me, I stood up shaking. 12 Then he said to me, “Don’t be afraid, Daniel, for from the very first day you applied your mind to understand and to humble yourself before your God, your words were heard. I have come in response to your words. 13 However, the prince of the kingdom of Persia was opposing me for 21 days. But Michael, one of the leading princes, came to help me, because I was left there with the kings of Persia. 14 Now I have come to help you understand what will happen to your people in future days, for the vision pertains to days to come.” 15 While he was saying this to me, I was flat on the ground and unable to speak. 16 Then one who appeared to be a human being was touching my lips. I opened my mouth and started to speak, saying to the one who was standing before me, “Sir, due to the vision, anxiety has gripped me and I have no strength. 17 How, sir, am I able to speak with you? My strength is gone, and I am breathless.” 18 Then the one who appeared to be a human being touched me again and strengthened me. 19 He said to me, “Don’t be afraid, you who are highly valued. Peace be to you! Be strong! Be really strong!” When he spoke to me, I was strengthened. I said, “Sir, you may speak now, for you have given me strength.” 20 He said, “Do you know why I have come to you? Now I am about to return to engage in battle with the prince of Persia. When I go, the prince of Greece is coming.⁠ 21 However, I will first tell you what is written in a dependable book. (There is no one who strengthens me against these princes, except Michael your prince.

Texts in conversation

Compare Daniel 10:6 and 2 Enoch 1:5

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

Daniel 10 and 2 Enoch 1 describe heavenly beings that shine like stars with eyes that glow like fire, rooted in the ancient extramission theory of vision, where the eyes create their own light.

Passages

Daniel 10:6

Hebrew Bible
5 I looked up and saw a man clothed in linen; around his waist was a belt made of gold from Ufaz. 6 His body resembled yellow jasper, and his face had an appearance like lightning. His eyes were like blazing torches; his arms and feet had the gleam of polished bronze. His voice thundered forth like the sound of a large crowd. 7 Only I, Daniel, saw the vision; the men who were with me did not see it. On the contrary, they were overcome with fright and ran away to hide.
200–101 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Daniel

2 Enoch 1:5

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Secrets of Enoch
4 And two men appeared to me, so enormous that I had never seen anyone like them on earth; 5 their faces were shining like the sun, their eyes too were like a burning light, and from their lips fire was coming out with clothing and singing of various kinds purple in appearance, their wings were brighter than gold, their hands whiter than snow. They were standing at the head of my couch and began to call me by my name.
1–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Enoch

References

"... Allison argues that ancient Jewish writers thought of the eye as functioning in the same way as the sun; thus, just as heavenly sources of light could become dimmed, so also the light of the eyes could be darkened. He maintains that they 'presuppose that the normal eye produces a subtle ray or light'. The difficulty with these examples is that many can be read in purely figurative or metaphorical terms. Against this potential objection, Allison posits a number of later noncanonical texts where the extramission theory is more plausible (e.g., 1 Enoch 106:2, 11). (Allison also compares this to the motif of fire coming forth from human and divine eyes, such as 2 Enoch 1:5; Daniel 10:6; Revelation 1:14, 2:18, 19:12; 3 Enoch 9:4; 18:25; 25:2-3. We should be careful in our dealings with passages describing the eyes of divine beings, particularly those in heavenly locations. Allison argues that these passages indicate that 'the normal eye produces a subtle ray or light, and that under the right circumstances or with exceptional individuals or supernatural beings such as angels, this light or ray can become intense and visible, even destructive') ..."
Candida R. Moss, “Blurred Vision and Ethical Confusion: The Rhetorical Function of Matthew 6:22-23,” CBQ (2011): 757–776.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Daniel 10:6 and 2 Enoch 1:5

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