Go to Related Reading
About this book

Daniel

About this book
Chapter 10

1 In the third year of King Cyrus of Persia a message was revealed to Daniel (who was also called Belteshazzar). This message was true and concerned a great war. He understood the message and gained insight by the vision. 2 In those days I, Daniel, was mourning for three whole weeks. 3 I ate no choice food, no meat or wine came to my lips, nor did I anoint myself with oil until the end of those three weeks.⁠ 4 On the twenty-fourth day of the first month I was beside the great river, the Tigris. 5 I looked up and saw a man clothed in linen; around his waist was a belt made of gold from Ufaz. 6 His body resembled yellow jasper, and his face had an appearance like lightning.⁠ His eyes were like blazing torches;⁠ his arms and feet had the gleam of polished bronze.⁠ His voice thundered forth like the sound of a large crowd. 7 Only I, Daniel, saw the vision; the men who were with me did not see it. On the contrary, they were overcome with fright and ran away to hide. 8 I alone was left to see this great vision. My strength drained from me, and my vigor disappeared; I was without energy. 9 I listened to his voice, and as I did so I fell into a trance-like sleep with my face to the ground. 10 Then a hand touched me and set me on my hands and knees.⁠ 11 He said to me, “Daniel, you are of great value. Understand the words that I am about to speak to you. So stand up, for I have now been sent to you.” When he said this to me, I stood up shaking. 12 Then he said to me, “Don’t be afraid, Daniel, for from the very first day you applied your mind to understand and to humble yourself before your God, your words were heard. I have come in response to your words. 13 However, the prince of the kingdom of Persia was opposing me for 21 days. But Michael, one of the leading princes, came to help me, because I was left there with the kings of Persia. 14 Now I have come to help you understand what will happen to your people in future days, for the vision pertains to days to come.” 15 While he was saying this to me, I was flat on the ground and unable to speak. 16 Then one who appeared to be a human being was touching my lips. I opened my mouth and started to speak, saying to the one who was standing before me, “Sir, due to the vision, anxiety has gripped me and I have no strength. 17 How, sir, am I able to speak with you? My strength is gone, and I am breathless.” 18 Then the one who appeared to be a human being touched me again and strengthened me. 19 He said to me, “Don’t be afraid, you who are highly valued. Peace be to you! Be strong! Be really strong!” When he spoke to me, I was strengthened. I said, “Sir, you may speak now, for you have given me strength.” 20 He said, “Do you know why I have come to you? Now I am about to return to engage in battle with the prince of Persia. When I go, the prince of Greece is coming.⁠ 21 However, I will first tell you what is written in a dependable book. (There is no one who strengthens me against these princes, except Michael your prince.

Texts in conversation

Compare Daniel 10:20 and Jubilees 15:31

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

Share:

Summary

Daniel 10 describes angelic princes fighting over Persia and Greece while Michael guards Israel. Jubilees reshapes this tradition, describing spirits that rule the nations but insists Israel has no angelic patron, since God alone governs it.

Passages

Daniel 10:20

Hebrew Bible
19 He said to me, “Don’t be afraid, you who are highly valued. Peace be to you! Be strong! Be really strong!” When he spoke to me, I was strengthened. I said, “Sir, you may speak now, for you have given me strength.” 20 He said, “Do you know why I have come to you? Now I am about to return to engage in battle with the prince of Persia. When I go, the prince of Greece is coming. 21 However, I will first tell you what is written in a dependable book. (There is no one who strengthens me against these princes, except Michael your prince.
200–101 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Daniel

Jubilees 15:31

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
30 For Ishmael and his sons and his brothers and Esau, the Lord did not bring near to Him, and he did not choose them because they are the children of Abraham, because He knew them, but He chose Israel to be His people. 31 And He sanctified it, and gathered it from among all the human beings; for there are many nations and many peoples, and all are His, and over all He has placed spirits in authority to lead them astray from Him. 32 But over Israel He did not appoint any angel or spirit, for He alone is their ruler, and He will preserve them and protect them from His angels and His spirits, and from all His powers in order that He may preserve them and bless them, and that they may be His and He may be theirs from now on forever. 33 And now I announce to you that the children of Israel will not keep true to this ordinance, and they will not circumcise their sons according to all this commandment; for in the flesh of their circumcision they will omit this circumcision of their sons, and all of them, sons of Beliar, will leave their sons uncircumcised as they were born.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

References

... In the apocalyptic assumption that earthly realities reflect and mirror heavenly ones, the princes of Persia and Greece, that is, their angelic patrons, oppose the archangels who stand up for Israel. And their order, Persia followed by Greece, parallels the events of terrestrial history: The dominion of the Persian Empire was brought to an end by Alexander the Great and his successors (compare Daniel 8). Here is the same basic concept of Deuteronomy 32:8-9; Sirach 17:17 and Jubilees 15:31-32, with the one significant development that now Israel also has an angelic patron: Michael (10:21; compare also 12:1) ...
Darrell D. Hannah, “Guardian Angels and Angelic National Patrons in Second Temple Judaism and Early Christianity,” in Angels: The Concept of Celestial Beings - Origins, Development and Reception, ed. Friedrich V. Reiterer (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2007), 420–421.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Daniel 10:20 and Jubilees 15:31

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library