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Daily Temple Ritual of Amun

Ritual of the Divine Cult

About this book

Advancing to the Holy Place and Opening the Shrine

Chapter 2

The Fifth Ceremony. The Chapter of Advancing to the Holy Place. The following shall be said: “O Souls of Annu (Heliopolis), if you are strong I am strong; if I am strong you are strong. If your kau are strong my ka is strong at the head of all the living; [they] all living I shall live. The two vessels of Atem [contain] the protecting fluid of my limbs. “Sekhet, the great goddess, the beloved of Ptah, has given to me life, stability, [and] serenity round about my members, [which] Thoth has gathered together for life. I am Horus of the height of heaven, the beautiful one of terror, the Lord of victory, the mighty one of terror, the exalted one of the two plumes, the great one in Abydos! Suten ta hetepu. I am pure.” Another Chapter. “Awake happily in peace, O Apt, ruler of the temples of the gods and goddesses who dwell in you! O gods and goddesses who dwell in Apt, O gods and goddesses who dwell in Uast (Thebes), O gods and goddesses who dwell in Annu (Heliopolis), O gods and goddesses who dwell in Het-ka-Ptah (Memphis), O gods and goddesses who dwell in heaven, O gods and goddesses who dwell in the earth, O gods and goddesses who dwell in the South, and in the North, and in the West, and in the East, “Kings of the South, and Kings of the North, and Royal Children, receive the White Crown, and make the foundation (?) of Amen in the Apts. Awake, be at peace! Awake happily in peace!” The Sixth Ceremony. The Chapter of Breaking the Cord of the Seal. The following shall be said: “The cord of the seal is broken, the seal is removed. I have come, I have brought to you the Eye, Horus; your Eye is to you, Horus.” The Seventh Ceremony. The Chapter of Breaking the Clay Seal. The following shall be said: “The seal of clay is broken. The water of heaven has been penetrated. The sinews of Osiris have been drawn out [from him]. Behold, I have not come to destroy the god upon his seat; no, I have come to place the god upon his seat. “You are established upon your great seat, Amen-Ra, Lord of the Throne of the Two Lands. I progress with the gods. Suten ta hetepu. I am pure.” The Eighth Ceremony. The Chapter of Removing the Seal. The following shall be said: “The finger (or, seal) of Set moves on through the Eye of Horus, and it (i.e., the Eye) rejoices; the finger (or, seal) of Set is removed through the Eye of Horus, and it is glad. The skin is removed behind the god. “Amen-Ra, Lord of the Throne of the Two Lands, you have received your two feathers, the White Crown with the Eye of Horus, the right one with the right eye, and the left one with the left eye. The beauties are to you, Amen-Ra, Lord of the Throne of the Two Lands. “Naked one, clothe yourself, tie on the bandlet. Indeed I am a servant of the god; behold the king has sent me to look upon the god.” The Ninth Ceremony. The Chapter of Opening the Face of the God. The following shall be said: “The two doors of heaven open, the two doors of earth unclose.⁠ Seb makes obeisance to the gods who are seated upon their thrones, saying, ‘The two doors of heaven open, the Company of the Gods send forth light. “‘Amen-Ra, Lord of the Throne of the Two Lands, is exalted upon his great seat, the Great Company of the Gods are exalted upon their seat. Your beauties are to you, Amen-Ra, Lord of the Throne of the Two Lands. Naked one, clothe yourself, tie on the bandlet.’” The Tenth Ceremony. The Chapter of Looking upon the God. The following shall be said: “My face keeps guard over the gods, and the god keeps guard over my face. The gods have made a way for me, and I walk on it. Behold, the king has sent me to look upon the god.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Daily Temple Ritual of Amun 2:17 and Psalm 24:7

Ancient Near East, Egyptian · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

In the Egyptian daily temple ritual, the priest opens the doors of the god's shrine each morning, announcing that the doors of heaven are open. Psalm 24 speaks to the temple gates as eternal doors and tells them to rise so God, the great king, can enter.

Passages

Daily Temple Ritual of Amun 2:17

Ancient Near East, Egyptian · Ritual of the Divine Cult
The Ninth Ceremony. The Chapter of Opening the Face of the God. The following shall be said: “The two doors of heaven open, the two doors of earth unclose. Seb makes obeisance to the gods who are seated upon their thrones, saying, ‘The two doors of heaven open, the Company of the Gods send forth light. “‘Amen-Ra, Lord of the Throne of the Two Lands, is exalted upon his great seat, the Great Company of the Gods are exalted upon their seat. Your beauties are to you, Amen-Ra, Lord of the Throne of the Two Lands. Naked one, clothe yourself, tie on the bandlet.’”
945–715 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Daily Temple Ritual of Amun

Psalm 24:7

Hebrew Bible
7 Look up, you gates. Rise up, you eternal doors. Then the majestic king will enter. 8 Who is this majestic king? The Lord who is strong and mighty. The Lord a mighty man in battle. 9 Look up, you gates. Rise up, you eternal doors. Then the majestic king will enter. 10 Who is this majestic king? The Lord of Heaven’s Armies. He is the majestic king. (Selah)
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

References

“... The immensity of Yahweh is also in mind when the temple gates are summoned to "lift up their heads" (Ps 24:7, 9), so that King Yahweh can enter in. In Ps 24:7, the temple gates are designated pthy 'wlm, "gates of eternity" [...] Because the psalm itself is very ancient, the term could hardly apply to the actual temple gates. Rather it might imply that the gates (of heaven), to which the temple gates give visible form, have been located at this place from time immemorial (as at Bethel). [...] In Egyptian temples, a sun flanked by hooded cobras or the winged sun mounted on the lintel (221-22) were often used to identify the temple gates as the gates of heaven. [...] In Egypt, the following formula was uttered at the daily opening of the naos: "The gates of heaven are opened." The pertinent chapter bears the heading: "Utterance upon revealing the countenance of the god." A variant reads: "Utterance upon mounting the stairs" (which lead up to the naos). When entering the naos, the officiant says: "I enter into heaven to behold N (name of the god)." The temple of Heliopolis is called "the heaven of Egypt"; the temple of Karnak is "heaven on earth"; that at Dendera is "the heaven of Hathor." [...] The temple, as the locus of the presence of God, is identical to heaven. ...”
Othmar Keel, The Symbolism of the Biblical World: Ancient Near Eastern Iconography and the Book of Psalms (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1997), 171–172.

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Daily Temple Ritual of Amun 2:17 and Psalm 24:7

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