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Colossians

About this book
Chapter 2

1 For I want you to know how great a struggle I have for you, and for those in Laodicea, and for those who have not met me face to face. 2 My goal is that their hearts, having been knit together in love, may be encouraged, and that they may have all the riches that assurance brings in their understanding of the knowledge of the mystery of God, namely, Christ,⁠ 3 in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge. 4 I say this so that no one will deceive you through arguments that sound reasonable. 5 For though I am absent from you in body, I am present with you in spirit, rejoicing to see your morale and the firmness of your faith in Christ. 6 Therefore, just as you received Christ Jesus as Lord, continue to live your lives in him, 7 rooted and built up in him and firm in your faith just as you were taught, and overflowing with thankfulness. 8 Be careful not to allow anyone to captivate you through an empty, deceitful philosophy that is according to human traditions and the elemental spirits of the world, and not according to Christ. 9 For in him all the fullness of deity lives in bodily form,⁠ 10 and you have been filled in him, who is the head over every ruler and authority. 11 In him you also were circumcised—not, however, with a circumcision performed by human hands, but by the removal of the fleshly body, that is, through the circumcision done by Christ. 12 Having been buried with him in baptism, you also have been raised with him through your faith in the power of God who raised him from the dead. 13 And even though you were dead in your transgressions and in the uncircumcision of your flesh, he nevertheless made you alive with him, having forgiven all your transgressions. 14 He has destroyed what was against us, a certificate of indebtedness expressed in decrees opposed to us. He has taken it away by nailing it to the cross. 15 Disarming the rulers and authorities, he has made a public disgrace of them, triumphing over them by the cross. 16 Therefore do not let anyone judge you with respect to food or drink, or in the matter of a feast, new moon, or Sabbath days— 17 these are only the shadow of the things to come, but the reality is Christ! 18 Let no one who delights in false humility and the worship of angels⁠ pass judgment on you. That person goes on at great lengths about what he has supposedly seen, but he is puffed up with empty notions by his fleshly mind. 19 He has not held fast to the head from whom the whole body, supported and knit together through its ligaments and sinews, grows with a growth that is from God. 20 If you have died with Christ to the elemental spirits of the world, why do you submit to them as though you lived in the world? 21 “Do not handle! Do not taste! Do not touch!” 22 These are all destined to perish with use, founded as they are on human commands and teachings. 23 Even though they have the appearance of wisdom with their self-imposed worship and humility achieved by an unsparing treatment of the body—a wisdom with no true value—they in reality result in fleshly indulgence.

Texts in conversation

Compare 4Q405 23 i 9 and Colossians 2:18

Dead Sea Scrolls, Prayers, Hymns, and Liturgy · New Testament

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Summary

The Dead Sea Scroll 4Q405 uses liturgy in which people join in the praise offered by angels around the heavenly throne. In Colossians, readers are told to avoid this kind of angelic worship and visionary mysticism.

Passages

4Q405 23 i 9

Dead Sea Scrolls, Prayers, Hymns, and Liturgy · Songs of Sabbath Sacrifice
7 purity rejoice in his glory. And there is a sound of blessing from all his divisions, telling of the firmaments of his glory, and his gates praise 8 with a voice of rejoicing. At the entrances of the gods of knowledge in the doorways of glory, and at all the goings out of the holy angels to their dominion, 9 the doorways of entrance and the gates of going out proclaim the glory of the King, blessing and praising all the spirits of 10 God when they go out and when they come in through the holy gates. And there is none among them who skips over a statute, and never against the words of 11 the King do they set themselves. They do not run from the way, and they do not linger outside his boundary. They are not too exalted for his missions,
160–60 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 4Q405

Colossians 2:18

New Testament
17 these are only the shadow of the things to come, but the reality is Christ! 18 Let no one who delights in false humility and the worship of angels pass judgment on you. That person goes on at great lengths about what he has supposedly seen, but he is puffed up with empty notions by his fleshly mind. 19 He has not held fast to the head from whom the whole body, supported and knit together through its ligaments and sinews, grows with a growth that is from God.
80–85 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Colossians

References

... a number of scholars have compared the pre-Christian (c. 100 BC) Qumran text Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice (or the Angelic Liturgy) to the error which Paul addresses in Colossians 2. Whereas the majority of the texts from Qumran have either few or brief references to heaven, in the Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice there is a substantial amount of attention given to the heavenly Temple and the angelic praise in the heavenly Temple ... In her examination, Carol Newsom describes the function of the Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice "as the means for a communion with angels in the act of praise, in short, as a form of communal mysticism." Furthermore, it is possible that the thirteen Songs were utilized as liturgy during a time of festival whereby the members join in the angelic heavenly worship ...
M. Jeff Brannon, The Heavenlies in Ephesians: A Lexical, Exegetical, and Conceptual Analysis (London: T&T Clark, 2011), 149–150.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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4Q405 23 i 9 and Colossians 2:18

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