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1 Clement

First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians

About this book

Others Who Sacrificed Themselves for Their People

Chapter 55

1 But, to bring forward examples from the Gentiles also: many kings and rulers, when some season of plague pressed upon them, being taught by oracles, have given themselves over to death, so that they might rescue their fellow citizens through their own blood. Many have withdrawn from their own cities, so that there might be no more rebellions. 2 We know that many among ourselves have given themselves up to chains, so that they might ransom others. Many have sold themselves into slavery, and with the price paid for themselves have fed others. 3 Many women, strengthened through the grace of God, have performed many manly deeds. 4 The blessed Judith, when the city was besieged, asked the elders to be allowed to go out into the camp of the foreigners.⁠ 5 So she exposed herself to danger and went out for love of her country and of her people who were besieged; and the Lord delivered Holophernes into the hand of a woman. 6 Esther also, who was perfect in faith, exposed herself to no less danger, so that she might rescue the twelve tribes of Israel when they were about to perish. For through her fasting and her self-humbling she pleaded with the all-seeing Master, the God of the ages;⁠ and He, seeing the humility of her soul, rescued the people for whose sake she faced the danger.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Esther 4:16 and Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 55:6

Septuagint · Early Christian

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Summary

In 1 Clement, the author names Esther beside Judith as a woman who risked her life for her people, an explicit Christian reference to the book of Esther, and joins her fasting with humiliation before God, as the Greek versions of her story do.

Passages

LXX Esther 4:16

Septuagint
14 For if you shall refuse to listen on this occasion, help and protection will be to the Jews from another quarter; but you and your father's house will perish: and who knows, if you have been made queen for this very occasion? 15 And Esther sent the man that came to her to Mordecai, saying, 16 Go and assemble the Jews that are in Susa, and fast for me, and do not eat and do not drink for three days, night and day: and I also and my maidens will fast; and then I will go in to the king contrary to the law, even if I must die. 17 So Mordecai went and did all that Esther commanded him.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Esther

Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 55:6

Early Christian · First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians
4 The blessed Judith, when the city was besieged, asked the elders to be allowed to go out into the camp of the foreigners. 5 So she exposed herself to danger and went out for love of her country and of her people who were besieged; and the Lord delivered Holophernes into the hand of a woman. 6 Esther also, who was perfect in faith, exposed herself to no less danger, so that she might rescue the twelve tribes of Israel when they were about to perish. For through her fasting and her self-humbling she pleaded with the all-seeing Master, the God of the ages; and He, seeing the humility of her soul, rescued the people for whose sake she faced the danger.
90–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Clement of Rome, 1 Clement

References

“... In addition to Clement’s explicit reference to the book of Esther in 1 Clem. 55:6, there is another possible echo of the book of Esther. After a short amount of text, Clement produces an intercessory prayer in 1 Clem. 59:3-4 that “is a pastiche of OT quotations and allusions,” that have been piled on top of one another. [...] Through this, the three-day event of both Jesus and Esther can be presented as acts of humiliation. The Greek vocabulary comes into play in 1 Clem. 55:6 which also couples fasting and humiliation together with Esther; “for with fasting and humiliation [Esther] besought the all-seeing Master of the Ages”. ...”
D. M. Lees, “Intertextual Ripples of the Book of Esther: An Evaluation of Σταυρωθήτω and Ἰουδαΐζω in the New Testament” (PhD diss., Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 2018), 94, 285.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Esther 4:16 and Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 55:6

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