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1 Clement

First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians

About this book

The Apostles Appointed Bishops and Deacons

Chapter 42

1 The Apostles received the Gospel for us from the Lord Jesus Christ; Jesus Christ was sent out from God. 2 So then Christ is from God, and the Apostles are from Christ. So both came from the will of God in the appointed order. 3 So, having received their orders, and having been fully assured through the resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ and confirmed in the word of God with the full assurance of the Holy Spirit, they went out with the good news that the kingdom of God was about to come. 4 So preaching everywhere in country and town, they appointed their firstfruits, when they had tested them by the Spirit, to be bishops and deacons for those who would believe. 5 And this was nothing new; for indeed it had been written about bishops and deacons from very ancient times; for the scripture says somewhere, “I will appoint their bishops in righteousness and their deacons in faith.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Isaiah 60:17 and Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 42:5

Septuagint · Early Christian

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Summary

In 1 Clement, the author claims scripture long ago spoke of bishops and deacons, quoting Isaiah 60 in a form unlike the Greek Septuagint translation, which has rulers and overseers. Clement adds deacons to give the offices of his church an ancient basis.

Passages

LXX Isaiah 60:17

Septuagint
15 Because you have become desolate and hated, and there was no helper, therefore I will make you a perpetual gladness, a joy of many generations. 16 And you shall suck the milk of the Gentiles, and shall eat the wealth of kings: and shall know that I am the Lord that saves you and delivers you, the God of Israel. 17 And for brass I will bring you gold, and for iron I will bring you silver, and instead of wood I will bring you brass, and instead of stones, iron; and I will appoint your rulers in peace, and your overseers in righteousness.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Isaiah

Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 42:5

Early Christian · First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians
3 So, having received their orders, and having been fully assured through the resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ and confirmed in the word of God with the full assurance of the Holy Spirit, they went out with the good news that the kingdom of God was about to come. 4 So preaching everywhere in country and town, they appointed their firstfruits, when they had tested them by the Spirit, to be bishops and deacons for those who would believe. 5 And this was nothing new; for indeed it had been written about bishops and deacons from very ancient times; for the scripture says somewhere, “I will appoint their bishops in righteousness and their deacons in faith.”
90–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Clement of Rome, 1 Clement

References

“... Scholars often identify this as a quotation from Isa 60:17. However, there are quite a few differences between Isa 60:17 and the text quoted here. The question arises as to this reference: is it really a quotation? Another question is why Clement introduces in this allusion—in a quite unexpected way—a reference to diakonoi? [...] This reference shows that for Clement the ministry of Israel, as reflected in the Scriptures, constitutes a model for the ministry of the ekklesia. Clement does not adduce a verbatim quotation, but while paraphrasing Isa 60:17 he presents the readers with a suggestive reference to a more or less biblical model. Introducing to the reference the combination episkopoi and diakonoi as a stock phrase from the nascent Christian community he anchors the two-fold ministry in Biblical tradition. ...”
Bart J. Koet, “Isaiah 60:17 as a Key for Understanding the Two-fold Ministry of Episkopoi and Diakonoi according to First Clement (1 Clem 42:5),” in The Scriptures of Israel in Jewish and Christian Tradition: Essays in Honour of Maarten J. J. Menken, ed. Bart Koet, Steven Moyise, and Joseph Verheyden, NovTSup 148 (Leiden: Brill, 2013), 346, 361.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Isaiah 60:17 and Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 42:5

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