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1 Clement

First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians

About this book

Made Right with God by Faith, Not Works

Chapter 32

1 If anyone considers them one by one in sincerity, he will understand the magnificence of the gifts given by Him. 2 For from Jacob come all the priests and levites who minister at the altar of God; from him comes the Lord Jesus according to the flesh;⁠ from him come kings and rulers and governors in the line of Judah; and the rest of his tribes are held in no small honor, since God promised, “Your descendants shall be as the stars of heaven.” 3 So they were all glorified and magnified, not through themselves or their own works or the righteous deeds they did, but through His will. 4 And so we, having been called through His will in Christ Jesus, are not justified through ourselves or through our own wisdom or understanding or piety or works that we did in holiness of heart, but through faith, by which the Almighty God justified all men who have lived from the beginning; to whom be the glory forever and ever. Amen.

Texts in conversation

Compare Romans 9:5 and Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 32:2

New Testament · Early Christian

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Summary

In 1 Clement, the author says Jesus came from Jacob as concerning the flesh, the phrase Paul uses in Romans for the descent of Jesus from Israel. It interrupts a list of priests and kings, so it may have been added later by a copyist who knew Romans.

Passages

Romans 9:5

New Testament
1 I am telling the truth in Christ (I am not lying!), for my conscience assures me in the Holy Spirit— 2 I have great sorrow and unceasing anguish in my heart. 3 For I could wish that I myself were accursed—cut off from Christ—for the sake of my people, my fellow countrymen, 4 who are Israelites. To them belong the adoption as sons, the glory, the covenants, the giving of the law, the temple worship, and the promises. 5 To them belong the patriarchs, and from them, by human descent, came the Christ, who is God over all, blessed forever! Amen. 6 It is not as though the word of God had failed. For not all those who are descended from Israel are truly Israel,
55–58 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Romans

Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 32:2

Early Christian · First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians
1 If anyone considers them one by one in sincerity, he will understand the magnificence of the gifts given by Him. 2 For from Jacob come all the priests and levites who minister at the altar of God; from him comes the Lord Jesus according to the flesh; from him come kings and rulers and governors in the line of Judah; and the rest of his tribes are held in no small honor, since God promised, “Your descendants shall be as the stars of heaven.” 3 So they were all glorified and magnified, not through themselves or their own works or the righteous deeds they did, but through His will.
90–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Clement of Rome, 1 Clement

References

“... This passage may reflect dependence on Romans, but it is difficult to be certain. As the Oxford Committee observes, the phrase ‘κατὰ σάρκα’ is ‘not a very obvious one’. It is part of an idiom in Clement (ὁ κύριος Ἰησοῦς τὸ κατὰ σάρκα) that corresponds almost exactly with Paul’s ὁ Χριστὸς τὸ κατὰ σάρκα, but appears to disrupt the sense of the former; 1 Clement would read more smoothly were the reference to Jesus not there, for it falls between references to the origin of priests and Levites, and of the kings, rulers, and leaders in the line of Judah. Thus, suggests Lindemann, albeit with suitable caution, it might be considered a gloss that was added to 1 Clement. This is an attractive suggestion and a plausible example of where knowledge of Paul’s letters may have influenced the text of 1 Clement after it was originally written. ...”
Andrew Gregory and Christopher Tuckett, eds., The Reception of the New Testament in the Apostolic Fathers (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 150–151.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Romans 9:5 and Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 32:2

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