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CD

Damascus Document

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Column 5

1 And those who entered the ark “went two by two into the ark.” And about the prince it is written, 2 “He shall not multiply wives for himself.” But David had not read the sealed book of the Torah that 3 was in the ark, for it had not been opened in Israel since the day of the death of Eleazar 4 and Joshua and the elders, because they served the Ashtoreth. And it was hidden 5 and not revealed until Zadok arose. And the deeds of David were lifted up, except for the blood of Uriah, 6 and God left them to him. And they also defile the sanctuary, in that they do not 7 separate according to the Torah, and they lie with a woman who sees the blood of her discharge. And they take,⁠ 8 each one, the daughter of his brother and the daughter of his sister. But Moses said, “To 9 your mother’s sister you shall not draw near; she is your mother’s kin.” The rule about forbidden unions is written for males, 10 and women are like them. So if a brother’s daughter uncovers the nakedness of the brother of 11 her father, she is kin. And they also defiled their holy spirit, and with a tongue of 12 blasphemies they opened their mouth against the statutes of the covenant of God, saying, “They are not sure.” And an abomination 13 they speak against them. All of them are kindlers of fire and lighters of brands; webs of 14 a spider are their webs, and eggs of vipers are their eggs. Whoever comes near them 15 will not be held innocent; the more he does so, the guiltier he is, unless he was forced. For from of old 16 God visited their works, and his anger burned against their deeds, for it is not a people of understanding. 17 They are a nation lacking counsel, because there is no understanding in them. For in ancient times there arose⁠ 18 Moses and Aaron by the hand of the Prince of Lights, and Belial raised up Jannes and 19 his brother in his cunning, when Israel was saved the first time. 20 And in the age of the devastation of the land there arose those who moved the boundary, and they led Israel astray. 21 And the land became desolate, for they spoke rebellion against the commandments of God given by the hand of Moses, and also

Texts in conversation

Compare CD 5:17 and 2 Timothy 3:8

Dead Sea Scrolls, Sectarian and Community Texts · New Testament

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Summary

The Damascus Document from the Dead Sea Scrolls recalls how Moses and Aaron were opposed by the magicians Jannes and Jambres, whose names are not found in the Hebrew Bible. 2 Timothy follows this Jewish tradition in referring to Jannes and Jambres.

Passages

CD 5:17

Dead Sea Scrolls, Sectarian and Community Texts · Damascus Document
13 they speak against them. All of them are kindlers of fire and lighters of brands; webs of 14 a spider are their webs, and eggs of vipers are their eggs. Whoever comes near them 15 will not be held innocent; the more he does so, the guiltier he is, unless he was forced. For from of old 16 God visited their works, and his anger burned against their deeds, for it is not a people of understanding. 17 They are a nation lacking counsel, because there is no understanding in them. For in ancient times there arose 18 Moses and Aaron by the hand of the Prince of Lights, and Belial raised up Jannes and 19 his brother in his cunning, when Israel was saved the first time.
100–80 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in CD

2 Timothy 3:8

New Testament
6 For some of these insinuate themselves into households and captivate weak women who are overwhelmed with sins and led along by various passions. 7 Such women are always seeking instruction, yet never able to arrive at a knowledge of the truth. 8 And just as Jannes and Jambres opposed Moses, so these people—who have warped minds and are disqualified in the faith—also oppose the truth. 9 But they will not go much further, for their foolishness will be obvious to everyone, just like it was with Jannes and Jambres.
70–80 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Timothy

References

"... The Damascus Document recounts deliverance from Egypt and appears to associate it with exile. Language of exile coincides with a negative view of the Jerusalem cult and her priests. Significant for the present conversation, column V describes a “first” deliverance from Egypt which seems to imply a second exodus. Also in this column, lines 17–19 tell of a nation that lacks understanding and is “devoid of counsel,” which is followed by an account of former times when Moses and Aaron were raised up by the Prince of Lights. Belial in his mischief, however, raised up Jannes and his brother at the time of the first deliverance of Israel. This scene of Moses and Aaron encountering a twin nemesis is compared in the lines to follow (20–21) with a period of the destruction of the land. This is a time when boundary shifters who caused Israel to stray came. The extra-biblical characters Jannes and his brother Jambres are Pharaoh’s magicians who oppose Moses and Aaron in the story of the plagues. They are described in 2 Timothy 3:8 as fools who defied the truth. The period of the “destruction of the land” is likely an allusion to captivity and perhaps more specifically to Leviticus 26:32 ..."
Benjamin G. Wold, “Revelation's Plague Septets: New Exodus and Exile,” in Echoes from the Caves: Qumran and the New Testament, ed. Florentino García Martínez, STDJ 85 (Leiden: Brill, 2009), 279–297.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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CD 5:17 and 2 Timothy 3:8

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