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Book of Overthrowing Apophis

Papyrus Bremner-Rhind

About this book
Chapter Curse

He is one fallen to the flame, Apophis with a knife on his head. He cannot see, and his name is no more in this land. I have commanded that a curse be cast upon him; I have consumed his bones; I have annihilated his soul in the course of every day;⁠ I have cut his vertebrae at his neck, severed with a knife which hacked up his flesh and pierced into his hide. I have taken away his heart from its place, his seat, and his tomb. I have made him nonexistent: his name is not; his children are not; he is not and his family is not; he is not and his heirs are not. His egg shall not last, nor shall his seed knit together. His soul, his corpse, his state of glory, his shadow, and his magic are not. His bones are not and his skin is not. He is fallen and overthrown. I have driven away and annihilated Apophis. Re is triumphant over his every fallen enemy. This spell is to be recited over Apophis drawn on a new sheet of papyrus in green color and put inside a box on which his name is set, he being tied and bound and put on the fire every day, wiped out with your left foot and spat upon four times in the course of every day.⁠

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Compare 2 Kings 6:6 and Book of Overthrowing Apophis

Hebrew Bible · Ancient Near East, Egyptian

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Summary

In 2 Kings, Elisha throws a branch into the water, causing an ax head to float. Egyptian priests are similarly described burned a drawing of the serpent Apophis to destroy the serpent itself, following the same logic of sympathetic magic.

Passages

2 Kings 6:6

Hebrew Bible
5 As one of them was felling a tree, the ax head dropped into the water. He shouted, “Oh no, my master! It was borrowed!” 6 The prophet asked, “Where did it drop in?” When he showed him the spot, Elisha cut off a branch, threw it in at that spot, and made the ax head float. 7 He said, “Lift it out.” So he reached out his hand and grabbed it.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Kings

Book of Overthrowing Apophis

Ancient Near East, Egyptian · Papyrus Bremner-Rhind
His egg shall not last, nor shall his seed knit together. His soul, his corpse, his state of glory, his shadow, and his magic are not. His bones are not and his skin is not. He is fallen and overthrown. I have driven away and annihilated Apophis. Re is triumphant over his every fallen enemy. This spell is to be recited over Apophis drawn on a new sheet of papyrus in green color and put inside a box on which his name is set, he being tied and bound and put on the fire every day, wiped out with your left foot and spat upon four times in the course of every day.
310 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Book of Overthrowing Apophis

References

... Another possible example of imitative magic may be found in 2 Kings 6:1-7 where the sons of the prophets felt that their dwelling was too small. They went to Elisha to ask permission to go to the Jordan to get logs to make a place for them to dwell there. While they were busy cutting down the trees, an axe borrowed from another person fell into the river. Elisha came to their rescue. He asked: “Where did it fall?” When he was shown the place, he cut off a stick, and threw it in the river and made the iron float. Here one can consider the act as an example of imitative magic. An example of imitative magic also occurs in 2 Kings 4:38-41 and is performed by Elisha. A pottage is being brewed by the prophet’s followers, and one of them goes out to gather herbs. Among the herbs gathered, there happens to be a poisonous one. This soon becomes apparent when the company begins to partake of the pottage, but Elisha calls for some meal and casts it into the brew. The immediate effect of which is to make the poison innocuous. In Oesterly’s opinion the wood floats, the iron imitates it; the meal is harmless therefore the poisonous herb will become harmless (Oesterley 1933:89). ...
Gwendolene Caren Liedeman, “Magic in the Ancient Near East with Special Reference to Ancient Israel” (MA diss., University of Stellenbosch, 2002), 51–52.
... Although the texts vary widely in complexity, ranging from individual figures to elaborate assemblages, their unity of purpose and general similarity of technique have defined them as a corpus. Unlike the “prisoner motif” which presents only generalized images of foreigners, the execration texts are quite specific in their intended victims. For by the addition of names, the pot or figurine becomes a substitute image of those victims, an Egyptian counterpart to the “voodoo doll” (see figure 13a). The coupling of name and prisoner image thus effected directly parallels standard practice in the hieroglyphic script as well, where enemy names may receive a “bound prisoner” determinative (Gardiner Sign-list A 13). While the use of a figurine as a substitute image is obvious to the modern researcher, the symbolism of pottery as human substitutes would have been no less so to the Egyptians whose creator deity Khnum fashioned mankind on a potter’s wheel. ...
Robert Kriech Ritner, The Mechanics of Ancient Egyptian Magical Practice, SAOC 54 (Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1993), 137.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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