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About this book

Baruch

About this book

Wisdom and the Torah

Chapter 4

1 This is the book of God’s commandments⁠ and the law that endures forever. All those who hold it fast will live, but those who leave it will die. 2 Turn, O Jacob, and take hold of it. Walk toward the shining of its light. 3 Don’t give your glory to another, nor the things that are to your advantage to a foreign nation. 4 O Israel, we are happy; for the things that are pleasing to God are made known to us.⁠

Jerusalem Mourns Her Children

5 Be of good cheer, my people, the memorial of Israel. 6 You were not sold to the nations for destruction, but because you moved God to wrath, you were delivered to your adversaries. 7 For you provoked him who made you by sacrificing to demons and not to God.⁠ 8 You forgot the everlasting God who brought you up. You also grieved Jerusalem, who nursed you.⁠ 9 For she saw the wrath that came upon you from God, and said, “Listen, you who dwell near Zion; for God has brought upon me great mourning. 10 For I have seen the captivity of my sons and daughters, which the Everlasting has brought upon them. 11 For with joy I nourished them, but sent them away with weeping and mourning. 12 Let no man rejoice over me, a widow and forsaken by many. For the sins of my children, I am left desolate, because they turned away from the law of God⁠ 13 and had no regard for his statutes. They didn’t walk in the ways of God’s commandments or tread in the paths of discipline in his righteousness. 14 Let those who dwell near Zion come and remember the captivity of my sons and daughters, which the Everlasting has brought upon them. 15 For he has brought a nation upon them from afar, a shameless nation with a strange language, who didn’t respect old men or pity children. 16 They have carried away the dear beloved sons of the widow, and left her who was alone desolate of her daughters.” 17 But I—how can I help you? 18 For he who brought these calamities upon you will deliver you from the hand of your enemies.

Jerusalem Encourages Her Children

19 Go your way, O my children. Go your way, for I am left desolate. 20 I have put off the garment of peace, and put on the sackcloth of my petition. I will cry to the Everlasting as long as I live.⁠ 21 Take courage, my children. Cry to God, and he will deliver you from the power and hand of the enemies. 22 For I have trusted in the Everlasting, that he will save you; and joy has come to me from the Holy One, because of the mercy that will soon come to you from your Everlasting Savior. 23 For I sent you out with mourning and weeping, but God will give you to me again with joy and gladness forever. 24 For as now those who dwell near Zion have seen your captivity, so they will shortly see your salvation from our God which will come upon you with great glory and brightness of the Everlasting.⁠ 25 My children, suffer patiently the wrath that has come upon you from God, for your enemy has persecuted you; but shortly you will see his destruction and will tread upon their necks.⁠ 26 My delicate ones have traveled rough roads. They were taken away like a flock carried off by enemies. 27 Take courage, my children, and cry to God; for you will be remembered by him who has brought this upon you. 28 For as it was your decision to go astray from God, return and seek him ten times more. 29 For he who brought these calamities upon you will bring you everlasting joy again with your salvation.

Comfort for Jerusalem

30 Take courage, O Jerusalem, for he who called you by name will comfort you. 31 Miserable are those who afflicted you and rejoiced at your fall. 32 Miserable are the cities which your children served. Miserable is she who received your sons.⁠ 33 For as she rejoiced at your fall and was glad of your ruin, so she will be grieved at her own desolation. 34 And I will take away her pride in her great multitude and her boasting will be turned into mourning. 35 For fire will come upon her from the Everlasting for many days; and she will be inhabited by demons for a long time.⁠

The Return of Jerusalem’s Children

36 O Jerusalem, look around you toward the east, and behold the joy that comes to you from God.⁠ 37 Behold, your sons come, whom you sent away. They come gathered together from the east to the west⁠ at the word of the Holy One, rejoicing in the glory of God.

Texts in conversation

Compare Lamentations 1:1 and Baruch 4:12

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Baruch portrays Jerusalem as a widow, echoing Lamentations where the once full city sits abandoned. Baruch reshapes the image by shifting blame from the city to her children, presenting her suffering as the result of their failure to obey the Torah.

Passages

Lamentations 1:1

Hebrew Bible
1 א (Alef) Alas! The city once full of people now sits all alone! The prominent lady among the nations has become a widow! The princess who once ruled the provinces has become a forced laborer! 2 ב (Bet) She weeps bitterly at night; tears stream down her cheeks. She has no one to comfort her among all her lovers. All her friends have betrayed her; they have become her enemies. 3 ג (Gimel) Judah has departed into exile under affliction and harsh oppression. She lives among the nations; she has found no resting place. All who pursued her overtook her in narrow straits.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Lamentations

Baruch 4:12

Deuterocanon
10 For I have seen the captivity of my sons and daughters, which the Everlasting has brought upon them. 11 For with joy I nourished them, but sent them away with weeping and mourning. 12 Let no man rejoice over me, a widow and forsaken by many. For the sins of my children, I am left desolate, because they turned away from the law of God 13 and had no regard for his statutes. They didn’t walk in the ways of God’s commandments or tread in the paths of discipline in his righteousness. 14 Let those who dwell near Zion come and remember the captivity of my sons and daughters, which the Everlasting has brought upon them.
200–50 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Baruch

References

"... The unexpected reference to the widowhood of Jerusalem is surprising (Baruch 4:12a), because there was no previous mention of the city as a woman, or a wife. Added to that, the miserable isolation of the widow Jerusalem is not a result of the death of her husband, but because of the neglect of God’s commandments by her own children (Baruch 4:12b–13). It is noteworthy that the concept and the image of the widowhood of Jerusalem are found explicitly only in Baruch (compare Baruch 4:16). Although the metaphorical image of a marriage between YHWH and Jerusalem is already found in Ezekiel 16:1–8, it is used there in a negative sense (she is a whore) and with an ambivalent connotation. In contrast to Ezekiel 16, the sins are not here attributed to Jerusalem (compare Ezekiel 16:2–3), but to her children, i.e. the inhabitants of Jerusalem (compare Baruch 4:12b–13). In this way, there is not only a rehabilitation, or a release from guilt, but also a hypostasis of Jerusalem ..."
Thomas R. Elßner, “Emotions in Jerusalem's Prayer: Baruch and Lamentations,” in Ancient Jewish Prayers and Emotions, ed. Stefan C. Reif and Renate Egger-Wenzel (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2015), 71–81.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Lamentations 1:1 and Baruch 4:12

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