Go to Related Reading
About this book

Barnabas

Epistle of Barnabas

About this book

The Way of Light

Chapter 19

1 This, then, is the way of light: if anyone wants to travel on the way to⁠ his appointed place, let him be diligent in his works. The knowledge that is given to us, enabling us to walk in it, is as follows. 2 ‘You shall love Him who made you; you shall fear Him who created you; you shall glorify Him who redeemed you from death. You shall be single-hearted and rich in spirit. You shall not cling to those who follow the path of death. You shall hate everything not pleasing to God. You shall hate all hypocrisy. You shall never abandon the Lord’s commandments.’ 3 ‘You shall not exalt yourself but be humble in all things. You shall not claim glory for yourself. You shall not devise evil against your neighbor. You shall not allow arrogance into your soul.’ 4 ‘You shall not commit fornication; you shall not commit adultery; you shall not corrupt young people. The word of God shall not come from you where there is any impurity. You shall not show partiality when reproving someone for a transgression. You shall be gentle; you shall be quiet; you shall be in awe of the words you have heard. You shall not hold a grudge against your brother.’ 5 ‘You shall not waver about whether something will be or not. You shall not use the Lord’s name carelessly. You shall love your neighbor more than your own life. You shall not kill a child by abortion, nor again kill it once it is born. You shall not withhold your hand from your son or daughter, but from childhood you shall teach them the fear of God.’⁠ 6 ‘You shall not be found craving your neighbor’s goods; you shall not be found greedy for profit. Nor shall you associate your soul with the high-minded but shall walk with the humble and just. Whatever happens to you, accept it as good, knowing that nothing happens without God. You shall not be double-minded or speak with a double tongue.’ 7 ‘You shall be subject to your masters as a symbol of God, in shame and fear. You shall not order your bondservant or servant harshly⁠ if they set their hope on the same God, so that they do not stop fearing the God who is over both of you; for He did not come to call anyone with partiality but those whom the Spirit has prepared.’ 8 ‘You shall share in everything with your neighbor and not say that anything is your own. For if you are joint-heirs of what is imperishable, how much more of perishable things? You shall not be quick with your tongue, for the mouth is a snare of death. As far as you can, be pure for your soul’s sake.’ 9 ‘Do not be someone who stretches out his hands to take but draws them back when it comes to giving.⁠ You shall love as the apple of your eye everyone who speaks to you the word of the Lord.’⁠ 10 ‘You shall remember the day of judgment night and day, and you shall search every day for the faces of the saints, either laboring by word and going to encourage them and meditating on how you can save souls by the word, or you shall work with your hands as a ransom for your sins.’ 11 ‘You shall not hesitate to give, nor shall you grumble when giving, but you shall know who the good Paymaster of your reward is. You shall hold fast to what you have received, neither adding nor taking away. You shall utterly hate the Evil One. You shall judge justly.’ 12 ‘You shall not cause division, but you shall reconcile those who fight by bringing them together. You shall acknowledge your sins. You shall not pray with an evil conscience. This is the way of light.’

Texts in conversation

Compare Barnabas 19:9 and Didache 2:7 and Gospel of Thomas 25

Early Christian · Nag Hammadi

Share:

Summary

In the Didache and Barnabas, readers must love others more than their own life; only Barnabas adds the apple of the eye. In the Gospel of Thomas, love and the eye occur together, a closer match to Barnabas than to the Didache.

Passages

Barnabas 19:9

Early Christian · Epistle of Barnabas
5 ‘You shall not waver about whether something will be or not. You shall not use the Lord’s name carelessly. You shall love your neighbor more than your own life. You shall not kill a child by abortion, nor again kill it once it is born. You shall not withhold your hand from your son or daughter, but from childhood you shall teach them the fear of God.’ 6 ‘You shall not be found craving your neighbor’s goods; you shall not be found greedy for profit. Nor shall you associate your soul with the high-minded but shall walk with the humble and just. Whatever happens to you, accept it as good, knowing that nothing happens without God. You shall not be double-minded or speak with a double tongue.’ 7 ‘You shall be subject to your masters as a symbol of God, in shame and fear. You shall not order your bondservant or servant harshly if they set their hope on the same God, so that they do not stop fearing the God who is over both of you; for He did not come to call anyone with partiality but those whom the Spirit has prepared.’ 8 ‘You shall share in everything with your neighbor and not say that anything is your own. For if you are joint-heirs of what is imperishable, how much more of perishable things? You shall not be quick with your tongue, for the mouth is a snare of death. As far as you can, be pure for your soul’s sake.’ 9 ‘Do not be someone who stretches out his hands to take but draws them back when it comes to giving. You shall love as the apple of your eye everyone who speaks to you the word of the Lord.’
70–135 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Barnabas

Didache 2:7

Early Christian
6 You shall not be greedy or exploitative, nor a hypocrite, nor evil-minded, nor arrogant; you shall not plan evil against your neighbor. 7 You shall not hate anyone; some you will correct, some you will pray for, and some you will love more than your own life.
90–120 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Didache

Gospel of Thomas 25

Nag Hammadi
24 His disciples said, “Show us the place where you are, since it is necessary for us to seek it.” He said to them, “Whoever has ears should hear. There is light within a man of light, and it lights up the whole world. If he does not shine, he is darkness.” 25 Jesus said, “Love your brother like your soul; protect him like the pupil of your eye.” 26 Jesus said, “You see the speck that is in your brother’s eye, but you do not see the beam that is in your own eye. When you remove the beam from your own eye, then you will see clearly to remove the speck from your brother’s eye.”
135–200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Thomas

References

“... GTh 25 has a version of the “love your neighbour as yourself” saying with the variation ‘as your soul’, and a further amplification: ‘guard him like the pupil of your eye’. This second half in particular does not correspond closely to anything in the Synoptic tradition. There is, however, a section of the Epistle of Barnabas which has a close parallel – not to my knowledge previously noted – to both halves of the Thomas saying here (see Table 12.1). The parallel is not exact, nor are the two statements adjacent in Barnabas’s version. Nevertheless, there are remarkable similarities: as was discussed in Chapter 3, the love commandment in both cases makes use not of the simple reflexive (ὡς σεαυτόν), but – as is much less common – of a reference to the soul (ὑπὲρ τὴν ψυχήν σου, and [...]). Even more unusual is a nearby reference in both cases to loving or guarding ‘like the pupil of your eye’ (ὡς κόρην τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ, and [...]). [...] Two points are evident here. First, GTh 25.1 is closest to Barnabas, which also casts its version of the “love thy neighbour” saying as a generally applicable aphorism. Second, Thomas is also in some agreement – against the Didache – with Barnabas in appending a reference to loving or guarding ‘like the pupil of your eye’ – a strikingly distinctive phrase. ...”
Simon Gathercole, The Composition of the Gospel of Thomas: Original Language and Influences, SNTSMS 151 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 263–264.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Barnabas 19:9 and Didache 2:7 and Gospel of Thomas 25

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library