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Apocalypse of Abraham

About this book

The Elements and Their Creator

Chapter 7

1 "I say this: 2 The fire is more worthy of honor than everything that has been made because even what cannot otherwise be subdued is subdued by it, and its flames mock things that are easily destroyed. 3 But I do not call that fire god, because it is subject to water. 4 But water is even more worthy of honor, because it conquers the fire and waters the earth.⁠ 5 But I do not call even it God, because it is subject to the earth, beneath which the water flows. 6 But I call the earth much more worthy of honor, because it overpowers the nature (and the fullness) of the water. 7 Even so, I do not call it (viz. the earth) god, [because] it, too, is dried up by the sun, [and] is assigned to people to farm. 8 [I call the sun more worthy of honor than the earth,] because its rays light up the whole world and the different atmospheres. 9 [But] I do not call even it god, because its path is hidden at night and by clouds." 10 And I do not call the moon or the stars god, because they too sometimes hide [their] light at night.⁠ 11 [But] listen to [this], my father Terah; for I will tell you about the God who has made everything, rather than these we consider gods. 12 Who is He, then? Or what is He? Who has colored the heavens red, and made the sun golden, And the moon shine, and with it the stars; And has made the earth dry in the midst of many waters, And set you among the created things [and tested me in the confusion of my thoughts] "Yet may God reveal Himself to us by Himself!"

Texts in conversation

Compare Jubilees 12:18 and Apocalypse of Abraham 7:10

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In Jubilees, Abraham stops reading the stars for signs of rain because their movements belong to God. The Apocalypse of Abraham echoes a similar tradition when Abraham concludes that the sun, moon, and elements cannot be gods.

Passages

Jubilees 12:18

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
16 And in the sixth week, in the fifth year of it, [1951] Abram sat up throughout the night on the new moon of the seventh month to observe the stars from the evening to the morning, in order to see what the year's rainfall would be like, and he was alone as he sat and observed. 17 And a word came into his heart and he said: All the signs of the stars, and the signs of the moon and of the sun are all in the hand of the Lord. Why do I search (them) out? 18 If He desires, He causes it to rain, morning and evening; And if He desires, He withholds it, And all things are in his hand.'
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

Apocalypse of Abraham 7:10

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
6 But I call the earth much more worthy of honor, because it overpowers the nature (and the fullness) of the water. 7 Even so, I do not call it (viz. the earth) god, [because] it, too, is dried up by the sun, [and] is assigned to people to farm. 8 [I call the sun more worthy of honor than the earth,] because its rays light up the whole world and the different atmospheres. 9 [But] I do not call even it god, because its path is hidden at night and by clouds." 10 And I do not call the moon or the stars god, because they too sometimes hide [their] light at night.
70–150 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Apocalypse of Abraham

References

“... The Apocalypse of Abraham, like Jubilees, also develops a connection between idolatry and astrology (Apoc. Abr. 7:7-9; cf. Jub. 12:16-17). In both texts, Abraham concludes that God has ultimate control over all cosmic and earthly phe- nomena (Apoc. Abr. 7:10-12; Jub. 12:18-21). ...”
George W. E. Nickelsburg, “Abraham the Convert: A Jewish Tradition and Its Use by the Apostle Paul,” in Biblical Figures Outside the Bible, ed. Michael E. Stone and Theodore A. Bergren (Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 1998), 164.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jubilees 12:18 and Apocalypse of Abraham 7:10

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