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Apocalypse of Abraham

About this book

Comparing the Idols

Chapter 6

1 When I, Abraham, heard these words from my father, I laughed to myself and sighed with grief and anger in my soul, 2 and said: "How can the statues my father makes help him? 3 Or will the body be ruled by its soul, and the soul by the spirit, and the spirit by foolishness and ignorance!"⁠ 4 And I said: "It is right to endure evil for once. So I will direct my mind to what is pure and tell him my thoughts openly." 5 [And] I answered and said: "Father Terah, whichever of these you praise as a god, your thinking is foolish. 6 Look, the gods of my brother Nahor, which stand in the holy temple, are more worthy of honor than [these of] yours. 7 For look, Zucheus, the god of my brother Nahor, is more worthy of honor than your god Merumath, because he is made of gold which is highly valued by people, 8 and when he ages he will be remodeled; but if your god Merumath is changed or broken, he will not be restored, because he is made of stone; 9 and the same is true of the god Joavon [who stands with Zucheus over the other gods; how much more worthy of honor is he than the god Barisat, who is made of wood, while he is forged of silver! How human craftsmanship makes him valuable in appearance! 10 But your god Barisat, before he was shaped, was still rooted in the earth 11 and was great and wonderful with beautiful branches and flowers, 12 you cut out with an axe, and your skill made him into a god. 13 And look, his sap has already dried up and disappeared, 14 he has fallen from the heights to the ground, he has come from greatness to insignificance, 15 and his face has faded, and he] 16 Barisat himself is burned up by fire 17 and reduced to ashes and is no more; 18 and you say: "Today I will make another who will prepare my food tomorrow!" 19 "He has been completely destroyed!"

Texts in conversation

Compare Philo, Allegorical Interpretation 1:13 and Apocalypse of Abraham 6:3

Classical · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In his Allegorical Interpretation, Philo ranks the mind above the body's other functions. The Apocalypse of Abraham echoes a similar tradition of ranking body, soul, and spirit when Abraham rebukes Terah for letting foolishness rule his idol worship.

Passages

Philo, Allegorical Interpretation 1:13

Classical
As the face is the dominant element in the body, so the mind is the dominant element of the soul: God breathes into this alone, while He does not see fit to do so with the other parts, whether senses or organs of utterance and of reproduction; for these are secondary in capacity. What, then, inspired these too? By the mind, evidently. For the mind imparts to the portion of the soul that is devoid of reason a share of that which it has received from God, so that the mind was be-souled by God, but the unreasoning part by the mind.
20–50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Philo, Allegorical Interpretation

Apocalypse of Abraham 6:3

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 When I, Abraham, heard these words from my father, I laughed to myself and sighed with grief and anger in my soul, 2 and said: "How can the statues my father makes help him? 3 Or will the body be ruled by its soul, and the soul by the spirit, and the spirit by foolishness and ignorance!" 4 And I said: "It is right to endure evil for once. So I will direct my mind to what is pure and tell him my thoughts openly." 5 [And] I answered and said: "Father Terah, whichever of these you praise as a god, your thinking is foolish.
70–150 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Apocalypse of Abraham

References

“... This description is reminiscent of Philo’s (originally Platonic) views on the tri- partite hierarchical nature of the soul, which consists of the highest, rational part nous (intellect) and two spiritual parts of different grades; ...”
Alexander Kulik, “Apocalypse of Abraham,” in Outside the Bible: Ancient Jewish Writings Related to Scripture, ed. James L. Kugel Louis H. Feldman and Lawrence H. Schiffman (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2013), 1459.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Philo, Allegorical Interpretation 1:13 and Apocalypse of Abraham 6:3

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