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Apocalypse of Abraham

About this book

Human Choice and Divine Purpose

Chapter 26

1 And I said: "Eternal, Mighty One! Why have You made it this way, and then told me about it?" 2 And He said to me: "Listen, Abraham; understand what I say to you, and answer me as I question you. 3 Why did your father Terah not listen to you, and (why) did he not stop his devilish idol worship until he died [and] his whole household with him?" 4 And I said: "Eternal, [Mighty One]! (It was) entirely because he did not choose to listen to me; but I, too, did not do what he did." 5 And He said [to me]: "Listen, Abraham. As your father's plan is in him, and as your plan is in you, so my intended plan is ready within me for the coming days,⁠ before you know about these, 6 or (can) see with your eyes what will happen in them. 7 Look at the picture to see what your descendants will be like."

Texts in conversation

Compare Apocalypse of Abraham 26:5 and Pirkei Avot 3:15

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Rabbinic

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Summary

Rabbinic tradition in Pirkei Avot teaches that God already knows the future yet allows people to choose freely. In the Apocalypse of Abraham, God’s answer to Abraham expresses both ideas, as Terah chose his idols himself though God’s plans are fixed.

Passages

Apocalypse of Abraham 26:5

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
2 And He said to me: "Listen, Abraham; understand what I say to you, and answer me as I question you. 3 Why did your father Terah not listen to you, and (why) did he not stop his devilish idol worship until he died [and] his whole household with him?" 4 And I said: "Eternal, [Mighty One]! (It was) entirely because he did not choose to listen to me; but I, too, did not do what he did." 5 And He said [to me]: "Listen, Abraham. As your father's plan is in him, and as your plan is in you, so my intended plan is ready within me for the coming days, before you know about these, 6 or (can) see with your eyes what will happen in them.
70–150 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Apocalypse of Abraham

Pirkei Avot 3:15

Rabbinic · Mishnah
15 Everything is foreseen, yet freedom of choice is granted. The world is judged with goodness, and everything depends on the preponderance of deeds. 16 He used to say: everything is given against a pledge, and a net is spread out over all the living. The store is open and the storekeeper allows credit, but the ledger is open and the hand writes. Whoever wishes to borrow may come and borrow, but the collectors go round regularly every day and collect payment from a person with or without his consent, and they have grounds for their claims, seeing that the judgment is a righteous judgment, and everything is prepared for the banquet.
190–230 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Pirkei Avot

References

“... We are dealing here with the Rabbinic conception of free will combined with the inevitability of God’s will (predetermination); cf. M. Avot 3:5: “Everything is predestined, but freedom is given.” The same idea is probably reflected also in Pss. Sol. 9:4; cf. also the testi- mony of Josephus on Pharisaic beliefs in J.W. 2.8.14. ...”
Alexander Kulik, “Apocalypse of Abraham,” in Outside the Bible: Ancient Jewish Writings Related to Scripture, ed. James L. Kugel Louis H. Feldman and Lawrence H. Schiffman (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2013), 1473.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Apocalypse of Abraham 26:5 and Pirkei Avot 3:15

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