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About this book

Apocalypse of Abraham

About this book

Human Sin and Its Punishment

Chapter 24

1 And He said to me: "As for the nations and the people of your family who are (to be) separated after you, you see in the picture the burden (of destiny) that (is laid) on them, 2 and I will tell you what will happen, and how much will happen, in the last days. 3 Look now at everything in the picture." 4 And I looked and saw there what existed in creation before me; 5 I saw Adam, and Eve there with him, and with them the cunning Adversary, and Cain who acted lawlessly through the Adversary and the murdered Abel,⁠ (and) the destruction brought and inflicted on him through the lawless one. 6 I saw there also Impurity, and those who desire it, and its pollution,⁠ and their jealousy, and the fire of their corruption in the lowest parts of the earth. 7 I saw there Theft, and those who rush after it, and the arrangement [of their retribution, the judgment of the Great Court]. 8 I saw there naked men, with their foreheads against each other, and their disgrace, and the harm they did to their companions, and their retribution. 9 I saw there Desire, and in her hand the head of every kind of lawlessness [and her scorn and her waste assigned to destruction].

Texts in conversation

Compare Apocalypse of Abraham 24:5 and 1 John 3:12

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · New Testament

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Summary

In the Apocalypse of Abraham, Abraham sees the Adversary behind Cain’s murder of Abel. In 1 John, Cain belongs to the evil one, and the first murder is an example of the hatred that divides the world from those who love their brothers.

Passages

Apocalypse of Abraham 24:5

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
4 And I looked and saw there what existed in creation before me; 5 I saw Adam, and Eve there with him, and with them the cunning Adversary, and Cain who acted lawlessly through the Adversary and the murdered Abel, (and) the destruction brought and inflicted on him through the lawless one. 6 I saw there also Impurity, and those who desire it, and its pollution, and their jealousy, and the fire of their corruption in the lowest parts of the earth. 7 I saw there Theft, and those who rush after it, and the arrangement [of their retribution, the judgment of the Great Court]. 8 I saw there naked men, with their foreheads against each other, and their disgrace, and the harm they did to their companions, and their retribution.
70–150 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Apocalypse of Abraham

1 John 3:12

New Testament
9 Everyone who has been fathered by God does not practice sin because God’s seed resides in him, and thus he is not able to sin because he has been fathered by God. 10 By this the children of God and the children of the devil are revealed: Everyone who does not practice righteousness—the one who does not love his fellow Christian—is not of God. 11 For this is the gospel message that you have heard from the beginning: that we should love one another, 12 not like Cain who was of the evil one and brutally murdered his brother. And why did he murder him? Because his deeds were evil, but his brother’s were righteous. 13 Therefore do not be surprised, brothers and sisters, if the world hates you.
90–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 John

References

“... In 1 John 3:11–15 the author expands the Cain-killed-Abel motif to illustrate the consequences of hating rather than loving one’s brother. Cain, we read, “belonged to the evil one” (1 Jn 3:12; an estimate in tune with the Jewish Apocalypse of Abraham 24:5, which finds Cain “led by the adversary to break the law”). He murdered his brother simply because his own actions were evil and Abel’s were righteous. Likewise, the world hates believers simply because they are righteous and love one another. Anyone who hates his brother is a murderer like Cain. ...”
Leland Ryken, James C. Wilhoit, and Tremper Longman III, eds., Dictionary of Biblical Imagery (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1998), PDF 482.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Apocalypse of Abraham 24:5 and 1 John 3:12

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