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Apocalypse of Abraham

About this book

Adam, Eve, and Azazel

Chapter 23

1 "Now look again at the picture to see who seduced Eve and what the fruit of the tree is, 2 [and] you will know what will happen, and how it will happen to your descendants among the people in the last days of the age, 3 and I will explain to you whatever you cannot understand, for you are pleasing to me, and I will tell you what is kept in my heart." 4 And I looked into the picture, and my eyes turned toward the side of the Garden of Eden. 5 And I saw there a man very tall and frighteningly broad, unmatched in appearance, embracing a woman, who was similar to the man in appearance and shape. 6 And they were standing under a tree of (the Garden of) Eden, and the fruit of this tree was like the appearance of a bunch of grapes on a vine, 7 and behind the tree stood what looked like a serpent, having hands and feet like a man's, and wings on its shoulders, six on the right side and six on the left,⁠ 8 and he was holding the grapes of the tree in his hands, feeding the two whom I had seen embracing. 9 And I said: "Who are these two embracing each other, or who is this between them, or what is the fruit which they are eating, Mighty Eternal One?" 10 And He said: "This is the human world, this is Adam, and this is their desire on the earth, this is Eve; 11 but he who is between them represents godlessness,⁠ their beginning (on the way) to destruction, Azazel himself." 12 And I said: "Eternal, Mighty One! Why have You given him such power to destroy the human race through its deeds on the earth?" 13 And He said to me: "I gave him power over those who choose (to do) evil, and allowed him to be loved by them. How much I hated (it) in those who do it!"

Abraham Questions the Desire for Evil

14 And I answered and said: "Eternal, Mighty One! Why have You chosen to make people desire evil in their hearts, since You are angry about what You chose, at the one who does what is useless in Your plan?"

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 3:6 and Apocalypse of Abraham 23:11

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In Genesis, the serpent leads the first humans into disobedience, and no fallen angel is named. In the Apocalypse of Abraham, Abraham learns that the tempter in Eden is Azazel, the same evil power he has already confronted.

Passages

Genesis 3:6

Hebrew Bible
2 The woman said to the serpent, “We may eat of the fruit from the trees of the orchard; 3 but concerning the fruit of the tree that is in the middle of the orchard God said, ‘You must not eat from it, and you must not touch it, or else you will die.’” 4 The serpent said to the woman, “Surely you will not die, 5 for God knows that when you eat from it your eyes will open and you will be like God, knowing good and evil.” 6 When the woman saw that the tree produced fruit that was good for food, was attractive to the eye, and was desirable for making one wise, she took some of its fruit and ate it. She also gave some of it to her husband who was with her, and he ate it.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Apocalypse of Abraham 23:11

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
9 And I said: "Who are these two embracing each other, or who is this between them, or what is the fruit which they are eating, Mighty Eternal One?" 10 And He said: "This is the human world, this is Adam, and this is their desire on the earth, this is Eve; 11 but he who is between them represents godlessness, their beginning (on the way) to destruction, Azazel himself." 12 And I said: "Eternal, Mighty One! Why have You given him such power to destroy the human race through its deeds on the earth?" 13 And He said to me: "I gave him power over those who choose (to do) evil, and allowed him to be loved by them. How much I hated (it) in those who do it!"
70–150 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Apocalypse of Abraham

References

“... Cf. Gen. iii. 6. [...] This description really applies to Sammael (or Azazel), who had twelve wings (Pirke de R. Eliezer xiii.), and who descended and, finding the serpent skilful to do evil, mounted and rode upon it. Before its punishment by God the serpent had the appearance of a camel, according to the same authority (ibid.). [...] Azazel plays the part elsewhere assigned to Sammael; he uses the serpent as his instrument (cf. Pirke de R. Eliezer xiii.). ...”
G. H. Box with J. I. Landsman, The Apocalypse of Abraham (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1918), PDF 44–45.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 3:6 and Apocalypse of Abraham 23:11

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