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Apocalypse of Abraham

About this book

The Ascent to Heaven

Chapter 15

1 And the sun went down, and look, there was smoke like that of a furnace. And the angels who had the portions of the sacrifice went up from the top of the smoking furnace.⁠ 2 And the Angel took me with his right hand and set me on the right wing of the pigeon, and seated himself on the left wing of the turtledove,⁠ which (birds) had neither been slaughtered nor divided. 3 And he carried me to the edge of the flaming fire 4 [and we went up as if carried by many winds to the heaven which was fixed on the surface. 5 And I saw in the air] at the height we had reached, a strong light that was impossible to describe, 6 and look, in this light there was a fiercely burning fire, and many people who looked like men, 7 all (constantly) changing in appearance and form, running and being transformed,⁠ and worshiping and crying out words whose sounds I did not recognize.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 19:4 and Apocalypse of Abraham 15:2

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In Exodus, God tells Israel at Sinai that he carried them to himself on eagles’ wings. In the Apocalypse of Abraham, birds also carry Abraham toward God, as the pigeon and turtledove from his sacrifice lift him to heaven.

Passages

Exodus 19:4

Hebrew Bible
2 After they journeyed from Rephidim, they came to the desert of Sinai, and they camped in the desert; Israel camped there in front of the mountain. 3 Moses went up to God, and the Lord called to him from the mountain, “Thus you will tell the house of Jacob, and declare to the people of Israel: 4 ‘You yourselves have seen what I did to Egypt and how I lifted you on eagles’ wings and brought you to myself. 5 And now, if you will diligently listen to me and keep my covenant, then you will be my special possession out of all the nations, for all the earth is mine, 6 and you will be to me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.’ These are the words that you will speak to the Israelites.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Apocalypse of Abraham 15:2

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
2 And the Angel took me with his right hand and set me on the right wing of the pigeon, and seated himself on the left wing of the turtledove, which (birds) had neither been slaughtered nor divided. 3 And he carried me to the edge of the flaming fire 4 [and we went up as if carried by many winds to the heaven which was fixed on the surface. 5 And I saw in the air] at the height we had reached, a strong light that was impossible to describe, 6 and look, in this light there was a fiercely burning fire, and many people who looked like men, 7 all (constantly) changing in appearance and form, running and being transformed, and worshiping and crying out words whose sounds I did not recognize.
70–150 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Apocalypse of Abraham

References

“... See Apoc. Ab. 15:2, where Abraham is set on a pigeon and Yahoel on a turtledove (cf. Exod. 19:4). That explains why Abraham here (as well as in Gen. 15:10) does not cut up the birds. They are supposed to function as the psychopompoi, “carriers of souls” of pagan sources. The motif is unique to Apocalypse. ...”
Alexander Kulik, “Apocalypse of Abraham,” in Outside the Bible: Ancient Jewish Writings Related to Scripture, ed. James L. Kugel Louis H. Feldman and Lawrence H. Schiffman (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2013), 1465.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 19:4 and Apocalypse of Abraham 15:2

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