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Apocalypse of Abraham

About this book

Azazel Challenges Abraham

Chapter 13

1 And I did everything as the angel commanded, and gave the angels, who had come to us, the divided animals, but the angel took the birds. 2 And I waited for the evening sacrifice. 3 And an unclean bird flew down on the carcasses, and I drove it away.⁠ 4 And the unclean bird spoke to me, and said: "What are you doing, Abraham, on the holy Heights, where no one eats or drinks, and there is not (any) human food there, but these consume everything with fire, and (will) burn you up. 5 Leave the man who is with you, and run away; for if you go up to the Heights they will destroy you. 6 And when I saw the bird speaking, I said to the angel: "What is this, my lord?" And he said: "This is godlessness, this is Azazel."⁠ 7 And he said to it: "Shame on you, Azazel! For Abraham's lot is in heaven, but yours on the earth. 8 Because you have chosen and loved this as the dwelling(place) of your impurity, the eternal mighty Lord therefore made you live on the earth 9 and through you comes every evil spirit of lies, and through you come anger and trials for the generations of godless people; 10 for God, the Eternal, Mighty One, has not allowed the bodies of the righteous to be in your power, so that in this way the life of the righteous and the destruction of the unclean may be made certain. 11 Listen, counselor, leave me in shame. For you have not been allowed to tempt all the righteous. 12 Leave this man!⁠ 13 You cannot deceive him, because he is an enemy of you and of those who follow you and love what you want. 14 For look, the garment that was once yours in heaven has been set aside for him,⁠ and the mortality that was his has been transferred to you."⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Apocalypse of Abraham 13:7 and 3 Enoch 1:3

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In the Apocalypse of Abraham, Yahoel protects Abraham from an angel who threatens his ascent to heaven. In 3 Enoch, Metatron similarly protects Ishmael, allowing a human visitor into heaven despite the angels' opposition.

Passages

Apocalypse of Abraham 13:7

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
4 And the unclean bird spoke to me, and said: "What are you doing, Abraham, on the holy Heights, where no one eats or drinks, and there is not (any) human food there, but these consume everything with fire, and (will) burn you up. 5 Leave the man who is with you, and run away; for if you go up to the Heights they will destroy you. 6 And when I saw the bird speaking, I said to the angel: "What is this, my lord?" And he said: "This is godlessness, this is Azazel." 7 And he said to it: "Shame on you, Azazel! For Abraham's lot is in heaven, but yours on the earth.
70–150 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Apocalypse of Abraham

3 Enoch 1:3

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Hebrew Book of Enoch
3 "Lord of the Universe, I pray you, that the merit of Aaron, the son of Amram, the lover of peace and pursuer of peace, who received the crown of priesthood from Your Glory on the mount of Sinai, be valid for me in this hour, so that Qafsiel, the prince, and the angels with him may not get power over me nor throw me down from the heavens". 4 At once the Holy One, blessed be He, sent to me Metatron, his Servant ('Ebed) the angel, the Prince of the Presence, and he, spreading his wings, with great joy came to meet me so as to save me from their hand.
400–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 3 Enoch

References

“... One of the common features in both traditions is the angels’ distinctive role as guardian against the hostile angels who attempt to impede the seers’ entrance into the upper realm. Thus, in Synopse § 3 when the angelic hosts oppose the elevation of R. Ishmael, Metatron intercedes on behalf of this visionary, intro- ducing him as one from the nation of Israel. This deed of Metatron in protecting R. Ishmael against ʿUzzah, ʿAzzah, and ʿAza’el is clearly reminiscent of Yahoel’s role in safeguarding Abraham against the fallen angel Azazel. As we have al- ready noted, in both cases the names of angels are remarkably similar, as they bring to memory peculiar names of the fallen angels found in the early Enochic booklets. ...”
Andrei A. Orlov, Yahoel and Metatron: Aural Apocalypticism and the Origins of Early Jewish Mysticism (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2017), 191.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Apocalypse of Abraham 13:7 and 3 Enoch 1:3

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