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Apocalypse of Abraham

About this book

The Angel Yahoel

Chapter 10

1 And when I heard the voice of Him who spoke these words to me, (and) I looked here and there 2 and look, there was no human breath, and my spirit was terrified, and my soul left me, and I became like a stone, and fell down on the earth, for I had no more strength to stand on the earth. 3 And while I was still lying facedown on the earth, I heard the voice of the Holy One speaking: "Go, Jaoel, who bears my name, through my unutterable Name consecrate that man for me, and strengthen him (so that he recovers) from his trembling." 4 And the angel He had sent to me came in the form of a man, and took my right hand, and stood me on my feet,⁠ 5 and said to me: "Stand up, [Abraham,] Friend of God who loves you;⁠ do not let human fear make you tremble! 6 For look, I have been sent to you to strengthen you and bless you in the name of God, who loves you, the Creator of everything in heaven and on earth. 7 Do not be afraid, and hurry to Him. 8 He who moves those who are with me on the seventh expanse on the heavenly vault calls me Jaoel. I am a power through the unutterable Name that dwells in me.⁠ 9 I have been assigned, by His command, to restrain the threatening attack of the living creatures of the Cherubim against one another, and to teach those who carry Him the song for the seventh hour of the human night. 10 I am appointed to restrain the Leviathans, for the attack and threat of every reptile are subject to me. 11 [I have been ordered to open Hades, to destroy those who revere the dead.] 12 I was ordered to set fire to your father's house with him inside, because he revered dead (idols). 13 I have been sent to bless you now, and the land which the Eternal One, whom you have called on, has prepared for you, 14 and I have traveled over the earth for your sake. 15 Stand up, Abraham! Go without being afraid; be very glad and joyful; and I am with you! For eternal honor has been prepared for you by the Eternal One. 16 Go, fulfill the sacrifices you were commanded to make. For look, I have been appointed to be with you and with the descendants destined (to spring) from you; 17 and with me Michael blesses you forever. Take courage, go!"

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 41:8 and Apocalypse of Abraham 10:5

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

Isaiah 41:8 calls Abraham God's friend. In the Apocalypse of Abraham an angel greets Abraham with that same title as he rises to heaven, making his friendship with God the reason for the revelation he is about to receive.

Passages

Isaiah 41:8

Hebrew Bible
7 The craftsman encourages the metalsmith, the one who wields the hammer encourages the one who pounds on the anvil. He says of the welding, ‘It is good’18, and nails it down so it won’t fall over. 8 “You, my servant Israel, Jacob, whom I have chosen, offspring of Abraham my friend, 9 you whom I am bringing back from the earth’s extremities and have summoned from the remote regions—I told you, ‘You are my servant.’ I have chosen you and not rejected you.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Apocalypse of Abraham 10:5

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
4 And the angel He had sent to me came in the form of a man, and took my right hand, and stood me on my feet, 5 and said to me: "Stand up, [Abraham,] Friend of God who loves you; do not let human fear make you tremble! 6 For look, I have been sent to you to strengthen you and bless you in the name of God, who loves you, the Creator of everything in heaven and on earth.
70–150 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Apocalypse of Abraham

References

"... deity, and consequently falls face down upon the earth (10.1-3). From the ground, Abraham hears a voice calling upon an angel named Iaoel to go and consecrate him as he lies trembling (10.3). Iaoel then appears to Abraham in the likeness of a man and helps him to stand upright (10.4). The angel refers to Abraham as the ‘friend of God who has loved you’ (10.5, 6). Iaoel then reveals his identity and purpose to Abraham, informing him of all the aspects of the world over which he has charge (10.8-11). Surprisingly, Iaoel is the angel who was responsible for burning Terah’s house to the ground, because Abraham’s father ‘honoured the dead’ (10.12). But Iaoel encourages Abraham to ‘go boldly, be very joyful and rejoice’ for God has prepared an honour for him (10.14). Abraham is tasked with carrying out the sacrifice that God has commanded (10.15). ..."
Ruth Sheridan, The Figure of Abraham in John 8: Text and Intertext, LNTS 619 (London: T&T Clark, 2020), 336.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 41:8 and Apocalypse of Abraham 10:5

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