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Amos

About this book
Chapter 5

1 Listen to this funeral song I am ready to sing about you, family of Israel:⁠ 2 “The virgin Israel has fallen down and will not get up again.⁠ She is abandoned on her own land with no one to help her get up.” 3 The Sovereign Lord says this: “The city that marches out with a thousand soldiers will have only a hundred left; the town that marches out with a hundred soldiers will have only ten left for the family of Israel.” 4 The Lord says this to the family of Israel: “Seek me so you can live! 5 Do not seek Bethel. Do not visit Gilgal. Do not journey down to Beer Sheba. For the people of Gilgal will certainly be carried into exile, and Bethel will become a place where disaster abounds.” 6 Seek the Lord so you can live! Otherwise he will break out like fire against Joseph’s family; the fire will consume, and no one will be able to quench it and save Bethel. 7 The Israelites turn justice into bitterness; they throw what is fair and right to the ground. 8 But there is one who made the constellations Pleiades and Orion;⁠ he can turn the darkness into morning and daylight into night. He summons the water of the seas and pours it out on the earth’s surface. The Lord is his name!⁠ 9 He flashes destruction down upon the strong so that destruction overwhelms the fortified places.⁠ 10 The Israelites hate anyone who arbitrates at the city gate; they despise anyone who speaks honestly. 11 Therefore, because you make the poor pay taxes on their crops and exact a grain tax from them, you will not live in the houses you built with chiseled stone, nor will you drink the wine from the fine vineyards you planted. 12 Certainly I am aware of your many rebellious acts and your numerous sins. You torment the innocent, you take bribes, and you deny justice to the needy at the city gate. 13 For this reason whoever is smart keeps quiet in such a time, for it is an evil time. 14 Seek good and not evil so you can live! Then the Lord God of Heaven’s Armies just might be with you, as you claim he is. 15 Hate what is wrong, love what is right.⁠ Promote justice at the city gate. Maybe the Lord God of Heaven’s Armies will have mercy on those who are left from Joseph.⁠ 16 Because of Israel’s sins this is what the Lord, the Lord God of Heaven’s Armies, says: “In all the squares there will be wailing; in all the streets they will mourn the dead. They will tell the field workers to lament and the professional mourners to wail. 17 In all the vineyards there will be wailing, for I will pass through your midst,” says the Lord. 18 Woe to those who wish for the day of the Lord! Why do you want the Lord’s day of judgment to come? It will bring darkness, not light. 19 Disaster will be inescapable, as if a man ran from a lion only to meet a bear, then escaped into a house, leaned his hand against the wall, and was bitten by a poisonous snake. 20 Don’t you realize the Lord’s day of judgment will bring darkness, not light—gloomy blackness, not bright light? 21 “I absolutely despise your festivals! I will not smell58 your religious assemblies.⁠ 22 Even if you offer me burnt and grain offerings, I will not be satisfied; I will not look with favor on your peace offerings of fattened calves.⁠ 23 Take away from me your noisy songs; I don’t want to hear the music of your stringed instruments. 24 Justice must flow like torrents of water, righteous actions like a stream that never dries up.⁠ 25 You did not bring me sacrifices and grain offerings during the 40 years you spent in the wilderness, family of Israel. 26 You will pick up your images of Sikkuth,⁠ your king, and⁠ Kiyyun, your star god, which you made for yourselves,⁠ 27 and I will drive you into exile beyond Damascus,” says the Lord. He is called the God of Heaven’s Armies.

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Compare Amos 5:8 and Job 38:31

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Summary

Amos and Job both reflect on the creation of the constellations Pleiades and Orion, drawing on ancient Near Eastern cosmology where stars were often seen as supernatural or divine forces that influenced events on earth.

Passages

Amos 5:8

Hebrew Bible
6 Seek the Lord so you can live! Otherwise he will break out like fire against Joseph’s family; the fire will consume, and no one will be able to quench it and save Bethel. 7 The Israelites turn justice into bitterness; they throw what is fair and right to the ground. 8 But there is one who made the constellations Pleiades and Orion; he can turn the darkness into morning and daylight into night. He summons the water of the seas and pours it out on the earth’s surface. The Lord is his name! 9 He flashes destruction down upon the strong so that destruction overwhelms the fortified places. 10 The Israelites hate anyone who arbitrates at the city gate; they despise anyone who speaks honestly.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Amos

Job 38:31

Hebrew Bible
29 From whose womb does the ice emerge, and the frost from the sky, who gives birth to it, 30 when the waters become hard like stone, when the surface of the deep is frozen solid? 31 Can you tie the bands of the Pleiades or release the cords of Orion? 32 Can you lead out the constellations in their seasons or guide the Bear with its cubs? 33 Do you know the laws of the heavens, or can you set up their rule over the earth?
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

References

"... There is some indication in the Hebrew Bible that stars were believed to be divine beings that could influence the events on earth. Judges 5:20, where stars fight from heaven against Sisera, is perhaps the best example of such an idea. Stars were therefore venerated as deities both individually as, for example, the “queen of heaven”, identified as Ishtar—our Venus, in Jeremiah 7:18 and 44:17–19, and collectively as the “host of heaven” in, for example, 2 Kings 17:16, 21:3, 5, Jeremiah 19:13, and Zephaniah 1:5. Some scholars have suggested this astral worship was a direct result of Assyrian and then Babylonian influence. In any case, all such worship was illicit and condemned repeatedly by biblical authors. In fact, Deuteronomy 4:19 informs the Israelites that Yahweh gave the worship of celestial bodies to other nations, not to Israel. Although the Hebrew deity’s dwelling was in the heavenlies (Psalm 103:19), as high as the stars (Job 22:12, Isaiah 14:13), it is significant that Yahweh himself is never described as a star in the Hebrew Bible. Rather, Yahweh is always considered superior to anything in the celestial sphere. The stars and the heavenly host, for example, are often said to be created or counted or in some way controlled by Yahweh (e.g., Genesis 1:16, 2:1, Psalm 8:4, 136:9, 147:4, Jeremiah 31:35, Job 9:7 [see verse 9], Ezekiel 32:7, Isaiah 13:10, 40:26, Joel 2:10, 15 [and see Amos 5:8 and Job 38:31–32, which name particular stars]). In Psalm 148:2–4 celestial bodies offer praise to Yahweh; in Nehemiah 9:6 the host of heaven bow down to him, their creator; and in Job 25:5 the stars are said to be impure compared to the Hebrew god ..."
Alan Lenzi, “A Shuilla: Ea 1a,” in Reading Akkadian Prayers and Hymns: An Introduction, ed. Alan Lenzi, ANEM 3 (Atlanta: SBL, 2011), 227–256.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Amos 5:8 and Job 38:31

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