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Amos

About this book
Chapter 5

1 Listen to this funeral song I am ready to sing about you, family of Israel:⁠ 2 “The virgin Israel has fallen down and will not get up again.⁠ She is abandoned on her own land with no one to help her get up.” 3 The Sovereign Lord says this: “The city that marches out with a thousand soldiers will have only a hundred left; the town that marches out with a hundred soldiers will have only ten left for the family of Israel.” 4 The Lord says this to the family of Israel: “Seek me so you can live! 5 Do not seek Bethel. Do not visit Gilgal. Do not journey down to Beer Sheba. For the people of Gilgal will certainly be carried into exile, and Bethel will become a place where disaster abounds.” 6 Seek the Lord so you can live! Otherwise he will break out like fire against Joseph’s family; the fire will consume, and no one will be able to quench it and save Bethel. 7 The Israelites turn justice into bitterness; they throw what is fair and right to the ground. 8 But there is one who made the constellations Pleiades and Orion;⁠ he can turn the darkness into morning and daylight into night. He summons the water of the seas and pours it out on the earth’s surface. The Lord is his name!⁠ 9 He flashes destruction down upon the strong so that destruction overwhelms the fortified places.⁠ 10 The Israelites hate anyone who arbitrates at the city gate; they despise anyone who speaks honestly. 11 Therefore, because you make the poor pay taxes on their crops and exact a grain tax from them, you will not live in the houses you built with chiseled stone, nor will you drink the wine from the fine vineyards you planted. 12 Certainly I am aware of your many rebellious acts and your numerous sins. You torment the innocent, you take bribes, and you deny justice to the needy at the city gate. 13 For this reason whoever is smart keeps quiet in such a time, for it is an evil time. 14 Seek good and not evil so you can live! Then the Lord God of Heaven’s Armies just might be with you, as you claim he is. 15 Hate what is wrong, love what is right.⁠ Promote justice at the city gate. Maybe the Lord God of Heaven’s Armies will have mercy on those who are left from Joseph.⁠ 16 Because of Israel’s sins this is what the Lord, the Lord God of Heaven’s Armies, says: “In all the squares there will be wailing; in all the streets they will mourn the dead. They will tell the field workers to lament and the professional mourners to wail. 17 In all the vineyards there will be wailing, for I will pass through your midst,” says the Lord. 18 Woe to those who wish for the day of the Lord! Why do you want the Lord’s day of judgment to come? It will bring darkness, not light. 19 Disaster will be inescapable, as if a man ran from a lion only to meet a bear, then escaped into a house, leaned his hand against the wall, and was bitten by a poisonous snake. 20 Don’t you realize the Lord’s day of judgment will bring darkness, not light—gloomy blackness, not bright light? 21 “I absolutely despise your festivals! I will not smell58 your religious assemblies.⁠ 22 Even if you offer me burnt and grain offerings, I will not be satisfied; I will not look with favor on your peace offerings of fattened calves.⁠ 23 Take away from me your noisy songs; I don’t want to hear the music of your stringed instruments. 24 Justice must flow like torrents of water, righteous actions like a stream that never dries up.⁠ 25 You did not bring me sacrifices and grain offerings during the 40 years you spent in the wilderness, family of Israel. 26 You will pick up your images of Sikkuth,⁠ your king, and⁠ Kiyyun, your star god, which you made for yourselves,⁠ 27 and I will drive you into exile beyond Damascus,” says the Lord. He is called the God of Heaven’s Armies.

Texts in conversation

Compare Amos 5:2 and Revelation 18:2

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Revelation 18 echoes Amos in its structure and tone, echoing a funeral song for the fall of a once-proud figure now beyond recovery. Amos laments Israel as a fallen virgin with no one to raise her and Revelation adapts it to announce the fall of Babylon.

Passages

Amos 5:2

Hebrew Bible
1 Listen to this funeral song I am ready to sing about you, family of Israel: 2 “The virgin Israel has fallen down and will not get up again. She is abandoned on her own land with no one to help her get up.” 3 The Sovereign Lord says this: “The city that marches out with a thousand soldiers will have only a hundred left; the town that marches out with a hundred soldiers will have only ten left for the family of Israel.”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Amos

Revelation 18:2

New Testament
1 After these things I saw another angel, who possessed great authority, coming down out of heaven, and the earth was lit up by his radiance. 2 He shouted with a powerful voice: “Fallen, fallen, is Babylon the great! She has become a lair for demons, a haunt for every unclean spirit, a haunt for every unclean bird, a haunt for every unclean and detested beast. 3 For all the nations have fallen from the wine of her immoral passion, and the kings of the earth have committed sexual immorality with her, and the merchants of the earth have gotten rich from the power of her sensual behavior.”
92–96 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Revelation

References

"... The first section, verses 1–3, though often referred to as a funeral dirge or lament, is in fact a prophetic taunt song, though the latter is very probably a development of the former with the addition of a mocking tone (Eissfeldt, Introduction, 91); the victory song is also similar in that it incorporates themes from the taunt song. The angel serves as the leader of the ritual lament by making a public announcement of the death, a formal feature of ancient Israelite ritual laments (Jahnow, Leichenlied, 101, 138, 167). Taunt songs have no fixed form but are characterized by derision and joy over the (past, present, or future) misfortunes and shortcomings of others (see 1 Samuel 17:43, 44; Jeremiah 22:14–15; Isaiah 23:15–16). In Isaiah 37:22–29, for example, Hezekiah taunts Sennacherib. Taunt songs were taken up by Old Testament prophets for deriding the enemies of Israel and announcing their downfall (Isaiah 23–24, 47; Jeremiah 50–51; Ezekiel 26–27). This taunt consists first of an angelic announcement anticipating the fall of Babylon (verses 1–3). The opening words, 'Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great', are derived from Isaiah 21:9, yet the form of 18:1–3 is closer to Amos 5:1–3 (Jahnow, Leichenlied, 219), which is also cast in the form of the funerary lament, where the initial announcement of the fall of Israel is followed by a clause providing the reason for that fall ..."
David E. Aune, Word Biblical Commentary: Revelation 17-22 (Dallas: Word, 1998), 136.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Amos 5:2 and Revelation 18:2

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