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Amos

About this book
Chapter 2

1 This is what the Lord says: “Because Moab has committed three crimes—make that four—I will not revoke my decree of judgment. They burned the bones of Edom’s king into lime. 2 So I will set Moab on fire, and it will consume Kerioth’s fortresses. Moab will perish in the heat of battle amid war cries and the blaring of the ram’s horn. 3 I will remove Moab’s leader; I will kill all Moab’s officials with him.” The Lord has spoken! 4 This is what the Lord says: “Because Judah has committed three covenant transgressions—make that four—I will not revoke my decree of judgment. They rejected the Lord’s law; they did not obey his commands. Their false gods, to which their fathers were loyal, led them astray. 5 So I will set Judah on fire, and it will consume Jerusalem’s fortresses.” 6 This is what the Lord says: “Because Israel has committed three covenant transgressions—make that four—I will not revoke my decree of judgment. They sold the innocent for silver, the needy for a pair of sandals.⁠ 7 They trample on the dirt-covered heads of the poor; they push the destitute away. A man and his father go to the same girl; in this way they show disrespect for my moral purity.⁠ 8 They stretch out on clothing seized as collateral;⁠ they do so right beside every altar!⁠ They drink wine bought with the fines they have levied; they do so right in the temple of their God!⁠ 9 For Israel’s sake I destroyed the Amorites. They were as tall as cedars and as strong as oaks,⁠ but I destroyed the fruit on their branches and their roots in the ground. 10 I brought you up from the land of Egypt; I led you through the wilderness for 40 years so you could take the Amorites’ land as your own. 11 I made some of your sons prophets and some of your young men Nazirites. Is this not true, you Israelites?” The Lord is speaking. 12 “But you made the Nazirites drink wine;⁠ you commanded the prophets, ‘Do not prophesy!’ 13 Look! I will press you down, like a cart loaded down with grain presses down. 14 Fast runners will find no place to hide; strong men will have no strength left; warriors will not be able to save their lives. 15 Archers will not hold their ground; fast runners will not save their lives, nor will those who ride horses. 16 Bravehearted warriors will run away naked⁠ in that day.” The Lord is speaking.

Texts in conversation

Compare Numbers 6:3 and Amos 2:12

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Numbers describes the Nazirite vow, requiring abstinence from wine and not cutting hair as marks of separation. Amos later refers to Nazirites alongside prophets, criticizing those who pressured them to drink wine and to break their vows.

Passages

Numbers 6:3

Hebrew Bible
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses: 2 “Speak to the Israelites, and tell them, ‘When someone—either a man or a woman—takes a special vow, to take a vow as a Nazirite, to separate himself to the Lord, 3 he must separate himself from wine and strong drink; he must drink neither vinegar made from wine nor vinegar made from strong drink, nor may he drink any juice of grapes, nor eat fresh grapes or raisins. 4 All the days of his separation he must not eat anything that is produced by the grapevine, from seed to skin. 5 “‘All the days of the vow of his separation no razor may be used on his head until the time is fulfilled for which he separated himself to the Lord. He will be holy, and he must let the locks of hair on his head grow long.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Numbers

Amos 2:12

Hebrew Bible
10 I brought you up from the land of Egypt; I led you through the wilderness for 40 years so you could take the Amorites’ land as your own. 11 I made some of your sons prophets and some of your young men Nazirites. Is this not true, you Israelites?” The Lord is speaking. 12 “But you made the Nazirites drink wine; you commanded the prophets, ‘Do not prophesy!’ 13 Look! I will press you down, like a cart loaded down with grain presses down. 14 Fast runners will find no place to hide; strong men will have no strength left; warriors will not be able to save their lives.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Amos

References

"... Fraade describes the voluntary self-denial of the Nazirite as an example of “the ascetic tension within rabbinic Judaism.” We do not know what originally motivated the probably ancient custom of the perpetual Nazir, who seems to have had a particular revered function in the community, nor of the Nazirite rule, likely instituted later, of abstaining for a short, defined period from two very different acts: drinking wine and cutting one’s hair. These Nazirite abstentions, however, do not seem to have been stimulated by a quest for self-denial or self-inflicted pain. Amos 2:12 compares the Nazirites to the prophets, which indicates their enigmatic essence and function. In the introductory verse in Numbers 6:2 we find the equivocal meaning ..."
Paul Heger, Women in the Bible, Qumran, and Early Rabbinic Literature: Their Status and Roles, STDJ 110 (Leiden: Brill, 2014), 282–283.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Numbers 6:3 and Amos 2:12

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