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Adapa and the South Wind

About this book

Adapa Breaks the South Wind’s Wing

Fragment B

23 “South Wind [...]
24 “South Wind, [...] your brothers, however many there are,
25 I will break your wing!”
26 As soon as he said this,
27 the South Wind’s wing broke. For seven days

Anu Summons Adapa

28 the South Wind did not blow over the land. Anu
29 said to his messenger Ilabrat:
30 “Why has the South Wind not blown over the land for seven days?”
31 His messenger Ilabrat answered him, “My lord,
32 Adapa, Ea’s son, has broken the South Wind’s
33 wing.” When Anu heard this,
34 he cried, “Help!” He rose from his throne: “Send someone to bring him to me!”

Ea Prepares Adapa for Heaven

35 Ea, who knew heaven’s ways,
36 left Adapa’s hair uncombed and dressed him in mourning clothes.
37 He gave him instructions,
38 saying, “Adapa, you are going into King Anu’s presence;
39 you will go up to heaven.
40 When you reach Anu’s gate,
41 Tammuz and Gishzida
42 will be standing there.
43 They will see you and ask, ‘Young man,
44 for whom are you dressed this way, Adapa? For whom
45 are you wearing mourning clothes?’
46 ‘Two gods have vanished from our land, so
47 I have dressed this way.’ ‘Who are the two gods who have vanished
48 from the land?’ ‘Tammuz and Gishzida.’ They will look at each other and
49 smile. They will speak in your favor
50 to Anu and show you
51 Anu’s friendly face. When you stand in Anu’s presence,

Ea’s Instructions about Food and Drink

52 they will offer you the food of death;
53 do not eat it. They will offer you the water of death;
54 do not drink it. They will offer you a garment;
55 put it on. They will offer you oil; rub it on yourself.
56 Do not forget the instructions I have given you. Hold on to the words
57 I have spoken.” The messenger
58 of Anu arrived: “Adapa has broken the South Wind’s
59 wing. Bring him to me.”

Adapa Enters Heaven

60 He sent him on the road to heaven, and he went up to heaven.⁠
61 When he reached heaven and approached Anu’s gate,
62 Tammuz and Gishzida were standing there.
63 When they saw him, they cried, “Help! Adapa,
64 young man, for whom are you dressed this way?
65 For whom are you wearing mourning clothes?”
66 “Two gods have vanished from the land, so I am dressed
67 in mourning clothes.” “Who are the two gods who have vanished from the land?”
68 “Tammuz and Gishzida.” They looked at each other and

Adapa Answers Anu

69 smiled. When Adapa came into King Anu’s presence, Anu saw him and said:
70 “Come, Adapa, why did you break the South Wind’s
71 wing?” Adapa answered Anu, “My lord, I was fishing for my lord’s household
72 in the middle of the sea. Halfway through the crossing,
73 the South Wind blew and capsized me;
74 I sank into my lord’s house. In my anger
75 I cursed [the South Wind].” Tammuz spoke beside him,
76 and Gishzida spoke in his favor to Anu.
77 Anu calmed down and became quiet.

The Food and Water of Life

78 “Why has Ea revealed to imperfect humankind⁠
79 the secrets of heaven and earth?
80 He has given him a bold heart. He himself has done this.
81 What can we do for him? Bring him the food of life
82 so he can eat.” They brought him the food of life;
83 he did not eat it. They brought him the water of life;
84 he did not drink it. They brought him a garment;
85 he put it on. They brought him oil;
86 he rubbed it on himself.
87 Anu looked at him and laughed.
88 “Come, Adapa, why did you not eat or drink?
89 Now you will not live! What a loss for humankind!” “Ea, my lord,
90 told me: ‘Do not eat, do not drink.’”
91 “Take him and send him back to earth.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Adapa and the South Wind, Fragment B, lines 60–71 and 1 Enoch 14:18

Ancient Near East, Babylonian · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In Adapa and the South Wind, the sage enters heaven and approaches King Anu. In 1 Enoch 14, Enoch enters the heavenly sanctuary and sees a throne, with the Great Glory seated on it.

Passages

Adapa and the South Wind, Fragment B, lines 60–71

Ancient Near East, Babylonian
60 He sent him on the road to heaven, and he went up to heaven. 61 When he reached heaven and approached Anu’s gate, 62 Tammuz and Gishzida were standing there. 63 When they saw him, they cried, “Help! Adapa, 64 young man, for whom are you dressed this way? 65 For whom are you wearing mourning clothes?” 66 “Two gods have vanished from the land, so I am dressed 67 in mourning clothes.” “Who are the two gods who have vanished from the land?” 68 “Tammuz and Gishzida.” They looked at each other and 69 smiled. When Adapa came into King Anu’s presence, Anu saw him and said: 70 “Come, Adapa, why did you break the South Wind’s 71 wing?” Adapa answered Anu, “My lord, I was fishing for my lord’s household
1400–601 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Adapa and the South Wind

1 Enoch 14:18

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
17 Its floor was of fire, and above it were lightnings and the path of the stars, and its ceiling also was flaming fire. 18 I looked and saw a lofty throne inside it. Its appearance was like crystal, and its wheels were like the shining sun, and there was the vision of cherubim. 19 From underneath the throne came streams of flaming fire, so that I could not look at it. 20 The Great Glory sat on it, and His garment shone more brightly than the sun and was whiter than any snow. 21 None of the angels could enter and look on His face because of its magnificence and glory, and no mortal could look on Him. 22 A flaming fire was all around Him, and a great fire stood before Him; no one near Him could come close. Ten thousand times ten thousand stood before Him, yet He needed no counselor. 23 The most holy ones who were near Him did not leave by night nor depart from Him. 24 Until then I had lain face down, trembling, and the Lord called me with His own mouth and said to me: 'Come near, Enoch, and hear my word.'
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

References

“… The present paper limits its discussion to the heavenly counterpart traditions that are encountered in the books of Enoch. The patriarch’s travel to heaven and his progression through the chambers of the celestial sanctuary in 1 Enoch 14:9–18 ends with the vision of a high throne. In the course of this encounter, Enoch becomes a heavenly counterpart of the high priest as the earthly sacerdotal servant associated with the activities in these chambers, when the priest once a year on Yom Kippur was allowed to enter the divine Presence. The seer appears to be simultaneously in both realms: dreaming in his sleep on earth and at the same time installed as the sacerdotal servant in the heavenly temple. Martha Himmelfarb stresses the topographical aspects of Enoch’s progression account in which “the ascent shows him passing through the outer court of the temple and the sanctuary to the door of the Holy of Holies, where God addresses him with his own mouth.” Comparably, the “son of Oannes” also locates in the inner cella of Marduk. …”
Amar Annus, The Heavenly Counterparts of Adapa and Enoch in Babylonia and Israel (Leiden: Brill, 2019), 73.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Adapa and the South Wind, Fragment B, lines 60–71 and 1 Enoch 14:18

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