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Adapa and the South Wind

About this book

Adapa, the Sage of Eridu

Fragment A

1 [...] understanding [...] His command was like Anu’s [...]
2 Ea gave him great understanding
3 so he could explain the order of the land.
4 He gave him wisdom, but did not give him eternal life.⁠
5 In those days and years, he was the sage of Eridu.
6 Ea had made him his follower among human beings,
7 a sage whose command no one could oppose,
8 skilled and very wise among the Anunnaki,
9 blameless, with clean hands, anointed, attentive to the divine rites.

Adapa Serves Ea

10 With the bakers he made bread,
11 With the bakers of Eridu he made bread,
12 He prepared Eridu’s food and water every day,
13 With his clean hands he prepared the table,
14 And without him the table was not cleared.
15 He steered the boat and caught fish for Eridu.
16 At that time, Adapa of Eridu,
17 while Ea lay resting in bed,
18 attended to Eridu’s gate-bolt every day.
19 At the sacred harbor, the Crescent Harbor, he boarded the boat,
20 [Without a rudder] his boat drifted,
21 [without a punting pole] he steered the boat
22 [...] on the broad sea. [...]

Texts in conversation

Compare Adapa and the South Wind, Fragment A, line 4 and Genesis 5:24

Ancient Near East, Babylonian · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Genesis describes Enoch walking with God until God takes him away, a tradition later developed around his heavenly wisdom that parallels the Mesopotamian sage Adapa, who receives divine wisdom from Ea but is denied eternal life.

Passages

Adapa and the South Wind, Fragment A, line 4

Ancient Near East, Babylonian
1 [...] understanding [...] His command was like Anu’s [...] 2 Ea gave him great understanding 3 so he could explain the order of the land. 4 He gave him wisdom, but did not give him eternal life. 5 In those days and years, he was the sage of Eridu. 6 Ea had made him his follower among human beings,
1400–601 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Adapa and the South Wind

Genesis 5:24

Hebrew Bible
22 After he became the father of Methuselah, Enoch walked with God for 300 years, and he had other sons and daughters. 23 The entire lifetime of Enoch was 365 years. 24 Enoch walked with God, and then he disappeared because God took him away. 25 When Methuselah had lived 187 years, he became the father of Lamech. 26 Methuselah lived 782 years after he became the father of Lamech, and he had other sons and daughters.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

References

"... Similar attributions are known from ancient Mesopotamia, where Enki, the Sumerian god of wisdom, or his Akkadian counterpart Ea, is regarded as author of such works of literature as the astrological omen series enuma Anu Enlil. In another tradition, the same omen corpus is identified with Oannes-Adapa, the first of the seven wise apkallu’s, semi-divine beings from before the Flood who brought culture to Sumer. In Rabbinic tradition, similarly, Enoch is identified with Oannes-Adapa and endowed with special wisdom. ..."
William W. Hallo, Origins: The Ancient Near Eastern Background of Some Modern Western Institutions (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996), 145.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Adapa and the South Wind, Fragment A, line 4 and Genesis 5:24

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