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About this book

Acts

About this book

The Arrest of Peter and John

Chapter 4

1 While Peter and John were speaking to the people, the priests and the commander of the temple guard and the Sadducees came up to them, 2 angry because they were teaching the people and announcing in Jesus the resurrection of the dead. 3 So they seized them and put them in jail until the next day (for it was already evening). 4 But many of those who had listened to the message believed, and the number of the men came to about 5,000.

Peter and John before the Council

5 On the next day, their rulers, elders, and experts in the law came together in Jerusalem. 6 Annas the high priest was there, and Caiaphas, John, Alexander, and others who were members of the high priest’s family. 7 After making Peter and John stand in their midst, they began to inquire, “By what power or by what name did you do this?” 8 Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, replied, “Rulers of the people and elders, 9 if we are being examined today for a good deed done to a sick man—by what means this man was healed— 10 let it be known to all of you and to all the people of Israel that by the name of Jesus Christ the Nazarene whom you crucified, whom God raised from the dead, this man stands before you healthy. 11 This Jesus is the stone that was rejected by you, the builders, that has become the cornerstone. 12 And there is salvation in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given among people by which we must be saved.”⁠ 13 When they saw the boldness of Peter and John, and discovered that they were uneducated and ordinary men, they were amazed and recognized these men had been with Jesus. 14 And because they saw the man who had been healed standing with them, they had nothing to say against this. 15 But when they had ordered them to go outside the council, they began to confer with one another, 16 saying, “What should we do with these men? For it is plain to all who live in Jerusalem that a notable miraculous sign has come about through them, and we cannot deny it. 17 But to keep this matter from spreading any further among the people, let us warn them to speak no more to anyone in this name.” 18 And they called them in and ordered them not to speak or teach at all in the name of Jesus. 19 But Peter and John replied, “Whether it is right before God to obey you rather than God, you decide, 20 for it is impossible for us not to speak about what we have seen and heard.” 21 After threatening them further, they released them, for they could not find how to punish them on account of the people, because they were all praising God for what had happened. 22 For the man, on whom this miraculous sign of healing had been performed, was over forty years old.

The Community Prays for Boldness

23 When they were released, Peter and John went to their fellow believers and reported everything the high priests and the elders had said to them. 24 When they heard this, they raised their voices to God with one mind and said, “Master of all, you who made the heaven, the earth, the sea, and everything that is in them, 25 who said by the Holy Spirit through your servant David our forefather, ‘Why do the nations rage, and the peoples plot foolish things?⁠ 26 The kings of the earth stood together, and the rulers assembled together, against the Lord and against his Christ.’ 27 “For indeed both Herod and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles and the people of Israel, assembled together in this city against your holy servant Jesus, whom you anointed, 28 to do as much as your power and your plan had decided beforehand would happen. 29 And now, Lord, pay attention to their threats, and grant to your servants to speak your message with great courage, 30 while you extend your hand to heal, and to bring about miraculous signs and wonders through the name of your holy servant Jesus.” 31 When they had prayed, the place where they were assembled together was shaken, and they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak the word of God courageously.

Shared Property and Support for the Needy

32 The group of those who believed were of one heart and mind, and no one said that any of his possessions was his own, but everything was held in common.⁠ 33 With great power the apostles were giving testimony to the resurrection of the Lord Jesus, and great grace was on them all. 34 For there was no one needy among them because those who were owners of land or houses were selling them and bringing the proceeds from the sales 35 and placing them at the apostles’ feet. The proceeds were distributed to each, as anyone had need. 36 So Joseph, a Levite who was a native of Cyprus, called by the apostles Barnabas (which is translated “son of encouragement”), 37 sold a field that belonged to him and brought the money and placed it at the apostles’ feet.

Texts in conversation

Compare Philo, Every Good Man is Free 85 and Acts 4:32

Classical · New Testament

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Summary

Philo describes a Jewish group, often linked to the Essenes, who shared homes, food, income, and property. Acts presents the Jerusalem community in the same way, holding possessions in common and distributing them so no one lacked anything.

Passages

Philo, Every Good Man is Free 85

Classical
85 First, then, no one has a house so entirely his own private property that it does not in some sense belong to everyone as well: for besides the fact that they all live together in communities, the house is open to all who share their views and come to them from elsewhere; 86 then there is one storehouse among them all; their expenses are all in common; their garments belong to them all in common; their food is shared, since they all eat together in common meals; for among no other people will you find a shared house, a shared way of life and a shared table more thoroughly established in practice than among this tribe: and is this not very natural? For whatever wages they receive after working during the day they do not keep as their own, but bring into the common stock, and give the benefit of it to all who wish to make use of it;
20–50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Philo, Every Good Man is Free

Acts 4:32

New Testament
30 while you extend your hand to heal, and to bring about miraculous signs and wonders through the name of your holy servant Jesus.” 31 When they had prayed, the place where they were assembled together was shaken, and they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak the word of God courageously. 32 The group of those who believed were of one heart and mind, and no one said that any of his possessions was his own, but everything was held in common. 33 With great power the apostles were giving testimony to the resurrection of the Lord Jesus, and great grace was on them all. 34 For there was no one needy among them because those who were owners of land or houses were selling them and bringing the proceeds from the sales
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Acts

References

"... The Qumran Essenes had to separate themselves from the property of the people outside the community, and this economic separation was linked with their concern to preserve the ritual purity of the community. It has already been noted above that 1QS manifests a powerfully dualistic outlook, especially in the teaching on the two spirits. The world was seen as irredeemably evil, and salvation depends upon complete withdrawal from the sons of darkness. The introversion of the community was manifested in a profound economic isolation from non-members, and from the general world. Josephus too refers to the life of the Essene sect as a community, sharing material goods and prosperity ... A similar terminology, referring to the communal ownership within the Essene sect as well, is found in Philo ..."
Huub van de Sandt and David Flusser, The Didache: Its Jewish Sources and Its Place in Early Judaism and Christianity, Compendia Rerum Iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum, Section 3: Jewish Traditions in Early Christian Literature 5 (Assen: Royal Van Gorcum, 2002), 184–185.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Philo, Every Good Man is Free 85 and Acts 4:32

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