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Acts

About this book

Barnabas and Saul Sent from Antioch

Chapter 13

1 Now there were these prophets and teachers in the church at Antioch: Barnabas, Simeon called Niger, Lucius the Cyrenian, Manaen (a close friend of Herod the tetrarch from childhood) and Saul. 2 While they were serving the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, “Set apart for me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.” 3 Then, after they had fasted and prayed and placed their hands on them, they sent them off.

The Mission in Cyprus and the Encounter with Elymas

4 So Barnabas and Saul, sent out by the Holy Spirit, went down to Seleucia, and from there they sailed to Cyprus. 5 When they arrived in Salamis, they began to proclaim the word of God in the Jewish synagogues. (Now they also had John as their assistant.) 6 When they had crossed over the whole island as far as Paphos, they found a magician, a Jewish false prophet named Bar-Jesus, 7 who was with the proconsul Sergius Paulus, an intelligent man. The proconsul summoned Barnabas and Saul and wanted to hear the word of God. 8 But the magician Elymas (for that is the way his name is translated) opposed them, trying to turn the proconsul away from the faith. 9 But Saul (also known as Paul), filled with the Holy Spirit, stared straight at him 10 and said, “You who are full of all deceit and all wrongdoing, you son of the devil, you enemy of all righteousness—will you not stop making crooked the straight paths of the Lord? 11 Now look, the hand of the Lord is against you, and you will be blind, unable to see the sun for a time!”⁠ Immediately mistiness and darkness came over him, and he went around seeking people to lead him by the hand. 12 Then when the proconsul saw what had happened, he believed because he was greatly astounded at the teaching about the Lord.

Paul's Mission in Pisidian Antioch

13 Then Paul and his companions put out to sea from Paphos and came to Perga in Pamphylia, but John left them and returned to Jerusalem. 14 Moving on from Perga, they arrived at Pisidian Antioch, and on the Sabbath day they went into the synagogue and sat down. 15 After the reading from the law and the prophets, the leaders of the synagogue sent them a message, saying, “Brothers, if you have any message of exhortation for the people, speak it.” 16 So Paul stood up, gestured with his hand and said, “Men of Israel, and you Gentiles who fear God, listen: 17 The God of this people Israel chose our ancestors and made the people great during their stay as foreigners in the country of Egypt, and with uplifted arm he led them out of it. 18 For a period of about forty years he put up with them in the wilderness. 19 After he had destroyed seven nations in the land of Canaan, he gave his people their land as an inheritance.⁠ 20 All this took about 450 years. After this he gave them judges until the time of Samuel the prophet. 21 Then they asked for a king, and God gave them Saul son of Kish, a man from the tribe of Benjamin, who ruled forty years. 22 After removing him, God raised up David their king. He testified about him: ‘I have found David the son of Jesse to be a man after my heart,⁠ who will accomplish everything I want him to do.’ 23 From the descendants of this man God brought to Israel a Savior, Jesus, just as he promised. 24 Before Jesus arrived, John had proclaimed a baptism for repentance⁠ to all the people of Israel. 25 But while John was completing his mission, he said repeatedly, ‘What do you think I am? I am not he. But look, one is coming after me. I am not worthy to untie the sandals on his feet!’ 26 Brothers, descendants of Abraham’s family, and those Gentiles among you who fear God, the message of this salvation has been sent to us. 27 For the people who live in Jerusalem and their rulers did not recognize him, and they fulfilled the sayings of the prophets that are read every Sabbath by condemning him. 28 Though they found no basis for a death sentence, they asked Pilate to have him executed. 29 When they had accomplished everything that was written about him, they took him down from the cross and placed him in a tomb. 30 But God raised him from the dead, 31 and for many days he appeared to those who had accompanied him from Galilee to Jerusalem. These are now his witnesses to the people. 32 And we proclaim to you the good news about the promise to our ancestors, 33 that this promise God has fulfilled to us, their children, by raising Jesus, as also it is written in the second psalm, ‘You are my Son; today I have fathered you.’ 34 But regarding the fact that he has raised Jesus from the dead, never again to be in a state of decay, God has spoken in this way: ‘I will give you the holy and trustworthy promises made to David.’ 35 Therefore he also says in another psalm, ‘You will not permit your Holy One to experience decay.’ 36 For David, after he had served God’s purpose in his own generation, died, was buried with his ancestors, and experienced decay, 37 but the one whom God raised up did not experience decay. 38 Therefore let it be known to you, brothers, that through this one forgiveness of sins is proclaimed to you, 39 and by this one everyone who believes is justified from everything from which the law of Moses could not justify you. 40 Watch out, then, that what is spoken about by the prophets does not happen to you: 41 ‘Look, you scoffers; be amazed and perish! For I am doing a work in your days, a work you would never believe, even if someone tells you.’”⁠ 42 As Paul and Barnabas were going out, the people were urging them to speak about these things on the next Sabbath. 43 When the meeting of the synagogue had broken up, many of the Jews and God-fearing proselytes followed Paul and Barnabas,⁠ who were speaking with them and were persuading them to continue in the grace of God. 44 On the next Sabbath almost the whole city assembled together to hear the word of the Lord. 45 But when the Jews saw the crowds, they were filled with jealousy, and they began to contradict what Paul was saying by reviling him. 46 Both Paul and Barnabas replied courageously, “It was necessary to speak the word of God to you first. Since you reject it and do not consider yourselves worthy of eternal life, we are turning to the Gentiles. 47 For this is what the Lord has commanded us: ‘I have appointed you to be a light for the Gentiles, to bring salvation to the ends of the earth.’” 48 When the Gentiles heard this, they began to rejoice and praise the word of the Lord, and all who had been appointed for eternal life⁠ believed. 49 So the word of the Lord was spreading through the entire region. 50 But the Jews incited the God-fearing women of high social standing and the prominent men of the city, stirred up persecution against Paul and Barnabas, and threw them out of their region. 51 So after they shook the dust off their feet in protest against them, they went to Iconium. 52 And the disciples were filled with joy and with the Holy Spirit.

Texts in conversation

Compare 4Q267 9 v 10 and Acts 13:43

Dead Sea Scrolls, Sectarian and Community Texts · New Testament

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Summary

Acts describes Gentile proselytes who join the Jewish community, a group also found in the Dead Sea Scroll 4Q267, which ranks priests, Levites, Israelites, and proselytes in order, showing that Gentile converts had a place in these Jewish communities.

Passages

4Q267 9 v 10

Dead Sea Scrolls, Sectarian and Community Texts · Damascus Document
6 and are punished. [And the rule for the session of] all the camps: they shall all be enrolled by their names, 7 the priests first, [the Levites] second, and the sons of Israel 8 third. And they shall be written [by their names, each] after his brother: the priests 9 first, [the Levites second, the sons of] Israel third, 10 and the proselyte fourth. [So they shall sit, and so they shall be asked] about everything. And the priest who 11 is appointed at the head of the many shall be from thirty years old to sixty 12 years old, learned in [the Book of] Hagi and in all the judgments of the Torah, to speak them 13 according to their rule. And the [overseer who is over] all the camps shall be from thirty years old 14 to fifty [years old, master of every] secret of men [and of every tongue]
160–60 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 4Q267

Acts 13:43

New Testament
40 Watch out, then, that what is spoken about by the prophets does not happen to you: 41 ‘Look, you scoffers; be amazed and perish! For I am doing a work in your days, a work you would never believe, even if someone tells you.’” 42 As Paul and Barnabas were going out, the people were urging them to speak about these things on the next Sabbath. 43 When the meeting of the synagogue had broken up, many of the Jews and God-fearing proselytes followed Paul and Barnabas, who were speaking with them and were persuading them to continue in the grace of God.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Acts

References

"... Judaism - and also the Jewish-Christians - of the first century A.D. had thought of two possibilities for the Gentiles to be saved, so that they could go into the restored Israel in accordance with God’s plan for the end of times: (1) A traditional and simple one: Gentiles have to convert to Judaism, that is to say, they must become proselytes by means of circumcision and the observance of the complete Law: all the saved, Gentiles and Jews, must obey the Law. (2) A second system, also traditional but connected to a broader mental framework and with conceptions defended also by Judaism perhaps for centuries: Gentiles could be saved in a sort of second-class salvation, not being necessary for them to be fully converted to Judaism. It was only indispensable for them to fulfill the so called “Laws of Noah,” based on the alliance established by God with this patriarch and his lineage (Genesis 9:3–13). The most important of these precepts were: Not to blaspheme; not to adore false gods; not to commit sexual sins; not to kill; not to steal; not to eat meat together with its blood. Chapter 15 of Acts reveals to us the existence of a way of imagining the admission of Gentiles into a Jewish-Christian group that considered themselves to be the true Israel ..."
Antonio Piñero, "On the Hellenization of Christianity One Example: The Salvation of Gentiles in Paul" in Hilhorst, A., et al. Flores Florentino: Dead Sea Scrolls and Other Early Jewish Studies in Honour of Florentino Garcia Martinez (Leiden: Brill, 2007), 667–683.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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4Q267 9 v 10 and Acts 13:43

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