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4Q258

Community Rule

About this book

Column 2

1 and their deeds in the Torah, at the word of the sons of Aaron who volunteer to establish his covenant and to keep all his statutes that he commanded 2 to be done, at the word of the majority of Israel who volunteer to return in community. And they shall be written each before his fellow in order, each according to his understanding 3 and his deeds in the Torah, so that all obey, each his fellow, the lesser the greater. And they shall examine their spirit and their deeds 4 in the Torah year by year, to promote each according to his understanding or to set him back according to his failings; to reprove each his fellow, and loving kindness. 5 And no one shall speak to his fellow in anger or in complaint or in wicked jealousy. And also, no one shall bring a matter against his fellow before the many⁠ 6 unless it is with reproof before witnesses. In these ways they shall walk in all their dwelling places, everyone who is found with his fellow. And [the lesser] shall obey 7 the greater in work and in property. [Together] they shall eat, together they shall bless, and together they shall take counsel. And in every [place where there are ten] 8 men of [the council of the community, there shall not be lacking from] them a priest, [and each] according to his rank shall sit [before him, and so they shall be asked for their counsel in every matter.] 9 And when [they set the table to eat, or the new] wine [to drink, the] priest shall stretch out [his hand first to bless the first portion of the bread] 10 and the new wine. [And there shall not be lacking a man who studies the Torah continually, and the many shall keep] watch [together for a third of all the nights of the year, to read the book]

Texts in conversation

Compare 4Q258 2:5 and Matthew 18:16

Dead Sea Scrolls, Sectarian and Community Texts · New Testament

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Summary

4Q258 requires rebuke before witnesses before an accusation reaches the congregation. Matthew 18 gives a sequence of private correction, witnesses, and appeal to the assembly.

Passages

4Q258 2:5

Dead Sea Scrolls, Sectarian and Community Texts · Community Rule
2 to be done, at the word of the majority of Israel who volunteer to return in community. And they shall be written each before his fellow in order, each according to his understanding 3 and his deeds in the Torah, so that all obey, each his fellow, the lesser the greater. And they shall examine their spirit and their deeds 4 in the Torah year by year, to promote each according to his understanding or to set him back according to his failings; to reprove each his fellow, and loving kindness. 5 And no one shall speak to his fellow in anger or in complaint or in wicked jealousy. And also, no one shall bring a matter against his fellow before the many 6 unless it is with reproof before witnesses. In these ways they shall walk in all their dwelling places, everyone who is found with his fellow. And [the lesser] shall obey 7 the greater in work and in property. [Together] they shall eat, together they shall bless, and together they shall take counsel. And in every [place where there are ten]
160–60 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 4Q258

Matthew 18:16

New Testament
15 “If your brother sins, go and show him his fault when the two of you are alone. If he listens to you, you have regained your brother. 16 But if he does not listen, take one or two others with you, so that at the testimony of two or three witnesses every matter may be established. 17 If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the church. If he refuses to listen to the church, treat him like a Gentile or a tax collector. 18 “I tell you the truth, whatever you bind on earth will have been bound in heaven, and whatever you release on earth will have been released in heaven. 19 Again, I tell you the truth, if two of you on earth agree about whatever you ask, my Father in heaven will do it for you.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

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4Q258 2:5 and Matthew 18:16

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