Go to Related Reading
About this book

4 Ezra

2 Esdras

About this book

Seventh Revelation: The Restoration of Scripture

Chapter 14

1 It came to pass upon the third day, I sat under an oak, and, behold, a voice came out of a bush near me, and said, “Ezra, Ezra!”⁠ 2 I said, “Here I am, Lord,” and I stood up on my feet. 3 Then he said to me, “I revealed myself in a bush and talked with Moses when my people were in bondage in Egypt. 4 I sent him, and he led my people out of Egypt. I brought him up to Mount Sinai, where I kept him with me for many days. 5 I told him many wondrous things, and showed him the secrets of the times and the end of the seasons. I commanded him, saying, 6 ‘You shall publish these openly, and these you shall hide.’ 7 Now I say to you: 8 Lay up in your heart the signs that I have shown, the dreams that you have seen, and the interpretations which you have heard; 9 for you will be taken away from men, and from now on you will live with my Son⁠ and with those who are like you, until the times have ended. 10 For the world has lost its youth, and the times begin to grow old. 11 For the age is divided into twelve parts, and ten parts of it are already gone, even the half of the tenth part. 12 There remain of it two parts after the middle of the tenth part. 13 Now therefore set your house in order, reprove your people, comfort the lowly among them, and instruct those of them who are wise, and now renounce the life that is corruptible, 14 and let go of the mortal thoughts, cast away from you the burdens of man, put off now your weak nature, 15 lay aside the thoughts that are most grievous to you, and hurry to escape from these times. 16 For worse evils than those which you have seen happen will be done after this. 17 For look how much the world will be weaker through age, so much that more evils will increase on those who dwell in it. 18 For the truth will withdraw itself further off, and falsehood will be near. For now the eagle which you saw in vision hurries to come.”

Ezra Asks to Restore the Law

19 Then I answered and said, “Let me speak in your presence, O Lord. 20 Behold, I will go, as you have commanded me, and reprove the people who now live, but who will warn those who will be born afterward? For the world is set in darkness, and those who dwell in it are without light. 21 For your law has been burned, therefore no one knows the things that are done by you, or the works that will be done. 22 But if I have found favor before you, send the Holy Spirit to me, and I will write all that has been done in the world since the beginning, even the things that were written in your law, that men may be able to find the path, and that those who would live in the latter days may live.” 23 He answered me and said, “Go your way, gather the people together, and tell them not to seek you for forty days. 24 But prepare for yourself many tablets, and take with you Sarea, Dabria, Selemia, Ethanus, and Asiel, these five, which are ready to write swiftly; 25 and come here, and I will light a lamp of understanding in your heart which will not be put out until the things have ended about which you will write. 26 When you are done, some things you shall publish openly, and some things you shall deliver in secret to the wise. Tomorrow at this hour you will begin to write.”

Ezra’s Farewell Address

27 Then I went out, as he commanded me, and gathered all the people together, and said, 28 “Hear these words, O Israel! 29 Our fathers at the beginning were foreigners in Egypt, and they were delivered from there, 30 and received the law of life, which they didn’t keep, which you also have transgressed after them. 31 Then the land of Zion was given to you for a possession; but you yourselves and your ancestors have done unrighteousness, and have not kept the ways which the Most High commanded you. 32 Because he is a righteous judge, in due time, he took from you what he had given you. 33 Now you are here, and your kindred are among you. 34 Therefore if you will rule over your own understanding and instruct your hearts, you will be kept alive, and after death you will obtain mercy. 35 For after death the judgment will come, when we will live again. Then the names of the righteous will become manifest, and the works of the ungodly will be declared. 36 Let no one therefore come to me now, nor seek me for forty days.”

The Twenty-Four Public Books and Seventy Secret Books

37 So I took the five men, as he commanded me, and we went out into the field, and remained there. 38 It came to pass on the next day that, behold, a voice called me, saying, “Ezra, open your mouth, and drink what I give you to drink.” 39 Then opened I my mouth, and behold, a full cup was handed to me. It was full of something like water, but its color was like fire. 40 I took it, and drank. When I had drunk it, my heart uttered understanding, and wisdom grew in my chest, for my spirit retained its memory. 41 My mouth was opened, and shut no more. 42 The Most High gave understanding to the five men, and they wrote by course the things that were told them, in characters which they didn’t know, and they sat forty days. Now they wrote in the day-time, and at night they ate bread. 43 As for me, I spoke in the day, and by night I didn’t hold my tongue. 44 So in forty days, ninety-four books were written. 45 It came to pass, when the forty days were fulfilled, that the Most High spoke to me, saying, “The first twenty-four books that you have written, publish openly,⁠ and let the worthy and unworthy read them; 46 but keep the last seventy, that you may deliver them to those who are wise among your people; 47 for in them is the spring of understanding, the fountain of wisdom, and the stream of knowledge.” 48 I did so.

Texts in conversation

Compare 4 Ezra 14:45 and Gospel of Thomas 52

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Nag Hammadi

Share:

Summary

In Fourth Ezra, twenty-four books are for everyone to read. The twenty-four prophets in the Gospel of Thomas may stand for this collection, so Jesus' reply to the disciples could challenge their reliance on scripture as a whole.

Passages

4 Ezra 14:45

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · 2 Esdras
44 So in forty days, ninety-four books were written. 45 It came to pass, when the forty days were fulfilled, that the Most High spoke to me, saying, “The first twenty-four books that you have written, publish openly, and let the worthy and unworthy read them; 46 but keep the last seventy, that you may deliver them to those who are wise among your people; 47 for in them is the spring of understanding, the fountain of wisdom, and the stream of knowledge.”
70–132 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 4 Ezra

Gospel of Thomas 52

Nag Hammadi
51 His disciples said to him, “When will the repose of the dead come about, and when will the new world come?” He said to them, “What you look forward to has already come, but you do not recognize it.” 52 His disciples said to him, “Twenty-four prophets spoke in Israel, and all of them spoke about you.” He said to them, “You have omitted the Living One who is in your presence and have spoken only of the dead.” 53 His disciples said to him, “Is circumcision beneficial or not?” He said to them, “If it were beneficial, their father would beget them already circumcised from their mother. Rather, the true circumcision in spirit has become entirely profitable.”
135–200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Thomas

References

“... Two other early sources mention this alternative reckoning of twenty-four books. The Christian Gospel of Thomas, probably dating to the second half of the second century, represents Jesus’s disciples as saying to their master that ‘twenty-four prophets have spoken in Israel, and they all spoke of you’ (Gos. Thom. 52). There is no elaboration of this point, but it seems likely that the disciples are referring to the Jewish Scriptures and counting them as twenty-four books. From around the same time as Josephus, the Jewish work 4 Ezra provides the other reference to twenty-four books. The text purports to narrate events from the time of Ezra, but it was actually written by an anonymous author at the end of the first century CE. According to the narrative, the manuscripts of the Jewish Scriptures were destroyed along with the city of Jerusalem at the time of the Babylonian captivity. After the exile, Ezra and his five companions were charged by God to replace these Scriptures over a period of forty days. So during the forty days, ninety-four books were written. And when the forty days were ended, the Most High spoke to me, saying, ‘Make public the twenty-four books that you wrote first, and let the worthy and the unworthy read them; but keep the seventy that were written last, in order to give them to the wise among your people. For in them is the spring of understanding, the fountain of wisdom, and the river of knowledge’. And I did so. (4 Ezra 14:44-8) There are two sets of books mentioned in this passage, twenty-four public books and seventy books reserved for the wise. Both sets of books are inspired. Fourth Ezra thus seems to know a collection of sacred Scripture that includes twenty-four books, and it also knows of other books that are not in this collection but that are inspired. [...] Most scholars argue that Josephus, 4 Ezra, and the Gospel of Thomas reflect a known biblical canon, even if not all Jews at the time would have accepted the same canon. ...”
Edmon L. Gallagher and John D. Meade, The Biblical Canon Lists from Early Christianity: Texts and Analysis (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017), 6–7.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

4 Ezra 14:45 and Gospel of Thomas 52

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library