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3 Enoch

Hebrew Book of Enoch

About this book
Chapter 5

1 R. Ishmael said: Metatron, the Prince of the Presence, said to me: From the day when the Holy One, blessed be He, expelled the first Adam from the Garden of Eden (and onwards), Shekina was dwelling upon a Kerub under the Tree of Life. 2 And the ministering angels were gathering together and going down from heaven in parties, from the Raqia in companies and from the heavens in camps to do His will in the whole world. 3 And the first man and his generation were sitting outside the gate of the Garden to behold the radiant appearance of the Shekina. 4 For the splendour of the Shekina traversed the world from one end to the other (with a splendour) 365,000 times (that) of the globe of the sun. And everyone who made use of the splendour of the Shekina, on him no flies and no gnats did rest, neither was he ill nor suffered he any pain. No demons got power over him, neither were they able to injure him. 5 When the Holy One, blessed be He, went out and went in: from the Garden to Eden, from Eden to the Garden,⁠ from the Garden to Raqia and from Raqia to the Garden of Eden, then all and everyone saw the splendour of His Shekina and they were not injured, 6 until the time of the generation of Enosh who was the head of all idol worshippers of the world.⁠ 7 And what did the generation of Enosh do? They went from one end of the world to the other, and each one brought silver, gold, precious stones and pearls in heaps like mountains and hills making idols out of them throughout all the world.⁠ And they erected the idols in every quarter of the world: the size of each idol was 1000 parasangs. 8 And they brought down the sun, the moon, planets and constellations,⁠ and placed them before the idols on their right hand and on their left,⁠ to attend them even as they attend the Holy One, blessed be He, as it is written (1 Kings xxii. 19): "And all the host of heaven was standing by him on his right hand and on his left". 9 What power was in them that they were able to bring them down? They would not have been able to bring them down but for 'Uzza, 'Azza and 'Azziel who taught them sorceries by which they brought them down and made use of them. 10 In that time the ministering angels brought charges (against them) before the Holy One, blessed be He, saying before him: "Master of the World! What have you to do with the children of men?⁠ As it is written (Ps. viii. 4) 'What is man (Enosh) that you are mindful of him?' 'Mah Adam' is not written here, but 'Mah Enosh', for he (Enosh) is the head of the idol worshippers. 11 Why have you left the highest of the high heavens, the abode of your glorious Name, and the high and exalted Throne in 'Araboth Raqia' in the highest and have gone and dwell with the children of men who worship idols and equal you to the idols? 12 Now you are on earth and the idols likewise. What have you to do with the inhabitants of the earth who worship idols?"⁠ 13 At once the Holy One, blessed be He, lifted up His Shekina from the earth, from their midst.⁠ 14 In that moment came the ministering angels, the troops of hosts and the armies of 'Araboth in thousand camps and ten thousand hosts: they fetched trumpets and took the horns in their hands and surrounded the Shekina with all kinds of songs. And He ascended to the high heavens, as it is written (Ps. xlvii. 5): "God is gone up with a shout, the Lord with the sound of a trumpet".

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Kings 22:19 and 3 Enoch 5:9

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In 1 Kings, the heavenly army is described standing on God's right and left. In 3 Enoch, people arrange the sun, moon, and stars beside their idols in the same way, describing their false worship as a copy of God's heavenly court.

Passages

1 Kings 22:19

Hebrew Bible
17 Micaiah said, “I saw all Israel scattered on the mountains like sheep that have no shepherd. Then the Lord said, ‘They have no master. They should go home in peace.’” 18 The king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, “Didn’t I tell you he does not prophesy prosperity for me, but disaster?” 19 Micaiah said, “That being the case, listen to the Lord’s message. I saw the Lord sitting on his throne, with all the heavenly assembly standing beside him on his right and on his left. 20 The Lord said, ‘Who will deceive Ahab, so he will attack Ramoth Gilead and die there?’ One said this and another that.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Kings

3 Enoch 5:9

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Hebrew Book of Enoch
8 And they brought down the sun, the moon, planets and constellations, and placed them before the idols on their right hand and on their left, to attend them even as they attend the Holy One, blessed be He, as it is written (1 Kings xxii. 19): "And all the host of heaven was standing by him on his right hand and on his left". 9 What power was in them that they were able to bring them down? They would not have been able to bring them down but for 'Uzza, 'Azza and 'Azziel who taught them sorceries by which they brought them down and made use of them.
400–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 3 Enoch

References

“... Here, the exegetical context is important to note. Although 1 Kgs 22:19 describes the heavenly worship of God, this prooftext is used in 3 Enoch 5 (§§7-8) to explain the opposite: the exact nature of the ido- latry of Enosh’s Generation. As such, this passage presupposes rabbinic exegetical traditions about Gen 4:26, which understood this verse as specifying the “Generation of Enosh” as the predeluvian era in which idolatry first arose.? The Targumim, for instance, depict people at the time of Enosh calling idols by the name of the Lord (Tg. Neof., Tg. Ps.- J., Frg. Tg. ad Gen 4:26). As such, the origins of idolatry are under- stood as the exact inversion of divine worship or, more specifically, as the innovative adaptation of a proper mode of worship for an improper object: idols. ...”
Annette Yoshiko Reed, “From Asael and Semihazah to Uzzah, Azzah, and Azael: 3 Enoch 5 (§§7–8) and Jewish Reception-History of 1 Enoch,” (2001): 118.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Kings 22:19 and 3 Enoch 5:9

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