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3 Enoch

Hebrew Book of Enoch

About this book
Chapter 5

1 R. Ishmael said: Metatron, the Prince of the Presence, said to me: From the day when the Holy One, blessed be He, expelled the first Adam from the Garden of Eden (and onwards), Shekina was dwelling upon a Kerub under the Tree of Life. 2 And the ministering angels were gathering together and going down from heaven in parties, from the Raqia in companies and from the heavens in camps to do His will in the whole world. 3 And the first man and his generation were sitting outside the gate of the Garden to behold the radiant appearance of the Shekina. 4 For the splendour of the Shekina traversed the world from one end to the other (with a splendour) 365,000 times (that) of the globe of the sun. And everyone who made use of the splendour of the Shekina, on him no flies and no gnats did rest, neither was he ill nor suffered he any pain. No demons got power over him, neither were they able to injure him. 5 When the Holy One, blessed be He, went out and went in: from the Garden to Eden, from Eden to the Garden,⁠ from the Garden to Raqia and from Raqia to the Garden of Eden, then all and everyone saw the splendour of His Shekina and they were not injured, 6 until the time of the generation of Enosh who was the head of all idol worshippers of the world.⁠ 7 And what did the generation of Enosh do? They went from one end of the world to the other, and each one brought silver, gold, precious stones and pearls in heaps like mountains and hills making idols out of them throughout all the world.⁠ And they erected the idols in every quarter of the world: the size of each idol was 1000 parasangs. 8 And they brought down the sun, the moon, planets and constellations,⁠ and placed them before the idols on their right hand and on their left,⁠ to attend them even as they attend the Holy One, blessed be He, as it is written (1 Kings xxii. 19): "And all the host of heaven was standing by him on his right hand and on his left". 9 What power was in them that they were able to bring them down? They would not have been able to bring them down but for 'Uzza, 'Azza and 'Azziel who taught them sorceries by which they brought them down and made use of them. 10 In that time the ministering angels brought charges (against them) before the Holy One, blessed be He, saying before him: "Master of the World! What have you to do with the children of men?⁠ As it is written (Ps. viii. 4) 'What is man (Enosh) that you are mindful of him?' 'Mah Adam' is not written here, but 'Mah Enosh', for he (Enosh) is the head of the idol worshippers. 11 Why have you left the highest of the high heavens, the abode of your glorious Name, and the high and exalted Throne in 'Araboth Raqia' in the highest and have gone and dwell with the children of men who worship idols and equal you to the idols? 12 Now you are on earth and the idols likewise. What have you to do with the inhabitants of the earth who worship idols?"⁠ 13 At once the Holy One, blessed be He, lifted up His Shekina from the earth, from their midst.⁠ 14 In that moment came the ministering angels, the troops of hosts and the armies of 'Araboth in thousand camps and ten thousand hosts: they fetched trumpets and took the horns in their hands and surrounded the Shekina with all kinds of songs. And He ascended to the high heavens, as it is written (Ps. xlvii. 5): "God is gone up with a shout, the Lord with the sound of a trumpet".

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 8:1 and 3 Enoch 5:7

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In 1 Enoch, an angel teaches forbidden knowledge of how to work precious metals into weapons and ornaments. In 3 Enoch, people use these metals to build idols, expanding this tradition of forbidden knowledge leading to idolatry.

Passages

1 Enoch 8:1

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 And Azâzêl taught men to make swords, knives, shields, and breastplates, and revealed to them the metals of the earth and how to work with them, as well as how to make bracelets, ornaments, and the use antimony, beautifying the eyelids, along with all kinds of precious stones and various dyes. 2 Widespread wickedness arose, and they engaged in fornication, were led astray, and corrupted all their ways. 3 Semjâzâ taught spells and the cutting of roots, Armârôs taught how to break spells, Barâqîjâl taught astrology, Kôkabêl taught about the constellations, Êzêqêêl taught about the clouds, Araqiêl taught the signs of the earth, Shamsiêl taught the signs of the sun, and Sariêl taught the course of the moon.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

3 Enoch 5:7

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Hebrew Book of Enoch
7 And what did the generation of Enosh do? They went from one end of the world to the other, and each one brought silver, gold, precious stones and pearls in heaps like mountains and hills making idols out of them throughout all the world. And they erected the idols in every quarter of the world: the size of each idol was 1000 parasangs. 8 And they brought down the sun, the moon, planets and constellations, and placed them before the idols on their right hand and on their left, to attend them even as they attend the Holy One, blessed be He, as it is written (1 Kings xxii. 19): "And all the host of heaven was standing by him on his right hand and on his left".
400–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 3 Enoch

References

“... On the one hand, 3 Enoch 5's description of the Generation of Enosh building their idols from "silver, gold, precious stones, and pearls" evokes BWs depiction of the fallen angel Asael teaching humankind about precious metals (1 Enoch 8:1). The parallels are most evident in the version preserved by George Syncellus (GrSyn ; variations from the Ethiopie [Eth] and the Greek version in Codex Panopolitanus [GrPan] noted in italics):55 Asael taught men to make swords and weapons and shields and breast- plates And he showed them the metals of the earth and sold and the working of them And they made them into bracelets and ornaments for women, And he showed them silver and stibium and eyepaint and precious stones and dyes. ...”
Annette Yoshiko Reed, “From Asael and Semihazah to Uzzah, Azzah, and Azael: 3 Enoch 5 (§§7–8) and Jewish Reception-History of 1 Enoch,” (2001): 120.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 8:1 and 3 Enoch 5:7

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