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3 Enoch

Hebrew Book of Enoch

About this book

An Enoch-Metatron Piece

Chapter 48C

1 Aleph! I made him strong, I took him, I appointed him: (namely) Metatron, my servant who is one (unique) among all the children of heaven. I made him strong in the generation of the first Adam. But when I saw the men of the generation of the flood, that they were corrupt, then I went and removed my Shekina from among them. And I lifted it up on high with the sound of a trumpet and with a shout, as it is written (Ps. xlvii. 6): "God is gone up with a shout, the Lord with the sound of a trumpet". 2 "And I took him": (that is) Enoch, the son of Jared, from among them. And I lifted him up with the sound of a trumpet and with a tera'a (shout) to the high heavens, to be my witness together with the Chayyoth by the Merkaba in the world to come. 3 I appointed him over all the treasuries and stores that I have in every heaven. And I committed into his hand the keys of every single one. 4 I made (of) him the prince over all the princes and a minister of the Throne of Glory (and) the Halls of 'Araboth: to open their doors to me, and (of) the Throne of Glory, to exalt and arrange it; (and I appointed him over) the Holy Chayyoth to wreathe crowns upon their heads; the majestic 'Ophannim, to crown them with strength and glory; the honoured Kerubim, to clothe them in majesty; over the radiant sparks, to make them to shine with splendour and brilliance; over the flaming Seraphim, to cover them with highness; the Chashmallim of light, to make them radiant with Light and to prepare the seat for me every morning as I sit upon the Throne of Glory. And to extol and magnify my glory in the height of my power; (and I have committed to him) the secrets of above and the secrets of below (heavenly secrets and earthly secrets). 5 I made him higher than all. The height of his stature, in the midst of all (who are) high of stature (I made) seventy thousand parasangs. I made his Throne great by the majesty of my Throne. And I increased its glory by the honour of my glory. 6 I transformed his flesh into torches of fire, and all the bones of his body into fiery coals; and I made the appearance of his eyes as the lightning, and the light of his eyebrows as the imperishable light. I made his face bright as the splendour of the sun, and his eyes as the splendour of the Throne of Glory. 7 I made honour and majesty his clothing, beauty and highness his covering cloak and a royal crown of 500 by (times) 500 parasangs (his) diadem. And I put upon him of my honour, my majesty and the splendour of my glory that is upon my Throne of Glory. I called him the LESSER YHWH, the Prince of the Presence, the Knower of Secrets: for every secret did I reveal to him as a father and all mysteries declared I to him in uprightness. 8 I set up his throne at the door of my Hall that he may sit and judge the heavenly household on high. And I placed every prince before him, to receive authority from him, to perform his will. 9 Seventy names did I take from (my) names and called him by them to enhance his glory. Seventy princes gave I into his hand, to command to them my precepts and my words in every language: to abase by his word the proud to the ground, and to exalt by the utterance of his lips the humble to the height; to strike kings by his speech, to turn kings away from their paths, to set up (the) rulers over their dominion as it is written (Dan. ii. 21): "and he changes the times and the seasons, and to give wisdom to all the wise of the world and understanding (and) knowledge to all who understand knowledge, as it is written (Dan. ii. 21): "and knowledge to them that know understanding", to reveal to them the secrets of my words and to teach the decree of my righteous judgement, 10 as it is written (Is. lv. 11): "so shall my word be that goes forth out of my mouth; it shall not return to me void but shall accomplish (that which I please)". 'E'eseh' (I shall accomplish) is not written here, but 'asah' (he shall accomplish), meaning, that whatever word and whatever utterance goes forth from before the Holy One, blessed be He, Metatron stands and carries it out. And he establishes the decrees of the Holy One, blessed be He. 11 ["And he shall make to prosper that which I sent". 'Asliah (I will make to prosper) is not written here, but wehisliah (and he shall make to prosper), teaching, that whatever decree goes forth from before the Holy One, blessed be He, concerning a man, as soon as he makes repentance, they do not execute it (upon him) but upon another, wicked man, as it is written (Prov. xi. 8): "The righteous is delivered out of trouble, and the wicked comes in his stead".] 12 And not only that but Metatron sits three hours every day in the high heavens, and he gathers all the souls of those dead who died in their mother's womb, and the sucklings who died on their mother's breasts,⁠ and of the scholars who died over the five books of the Law.⁠ And he brings them under the Throne of Glory and places them in companies, divisions and classes round the Presence: and he teaches them the Law, and (the books) of Wisdom, and Haggada and Tradition and finishes (completes) their instruction (education) [for them]. As it is written (Is. xxviii. 9): "Whom will he teach knowledge? and whom will he make to understand tradition? them that are weaned from the milk and drawn from the breasts".

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 28:9 and 3 Enoch 48C:12

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In Isaiah, the prophet questions divine teaching, saying it is only suitable for those who act like infants. In 3 Enoch, Metatron teaches children who died in infancy, based on Isaiah, giving this question a new, literal answer about teaching children.

Passages

Isaiah 28:9

Hebrew Bible
6 He will give discernment to the one who makes judicial decisions and strength to those who defend the city from attackers. 7 Even these men stagger because of wine; they stumble around because of beer—priests and prophets stagger because of beer, they are confused because of wine, they stumble around because of beer; they stagger while seeing prophetic visions, they totter while making legal decisions. 8 Indeed, all the tables are covered with vomit, with filth, leaving no clean place. 9 Who is the Lord trying to teach? To whom is he explaining a message? To those just weaned from milk! To those just taken from their mother’s breast!
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

3 Enoch 48C:12

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Hebrew Book of Enoch
12 And not only that but Metatron sits three hours every day in the high heavens, and he gathers all the souls of those dead who died in their mother's womb, and the sucklings who died on their mother's breasts, and of the scholars who died over the five books of the Law. And he brings them under the Throne of Glory and places them in companies, divisions and classes round the Presence: and he teaches them the Law, and (the books) of Wisdom, and Haggada and Tradition and finishes (completes) their instruction (education) [for them]. As it is written (Is. xxviii. 9): "Whom will he teach knowledge? and whom will he make to understand tradition? them that are weaned from the milk and drawn from the breasts".
400–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 3 Enoch

References

“... As in the previously analyzed passages from b. H9ag. 15a and Synopse §20 (3 Enoch 16), the narratives from b. Avod. Zar. and the additional chapter of Sefer Hekhalot are obviously interconnected. H. Odeberg notes that in both passages Isa 28:9 is used for scriptural support. It is also significant that both passages again refer to Metatron as the one who has a seat in heaven, ...”
Andrei Orlov, The Enoch-Metatron Tradition (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2005), 106.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 28:9 and 3 Enoch 48C:12

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